{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T18:00:39Z","timestamp":1773597639008,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Gene Therapy Clinical Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"\n Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD), which has been successfully used for the treatment of many diseases, offers a promising noninvasive approach for target-specific gene delivery. This study investigated the UTMD delivery of\n insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)<\/jats:italic>\n cDNA and\n transforming growth factor beta (TGF-<\/jats:italic>\n \u03b2) short hairpin RNA for Achilles tendon injury in rats. Briefly, 168 rats with an injured Achilles tendon were randomly divided into seven groups: (1)\n IGF-1<\/jats:italic>\n + UTMD, (2)\n TGF<\/jats:italic>\n -\u03b2 + UTMD, (3)\n IGF-1<\/jats:italic>\n +\n TGF<\/jats:italic>\n -\u03b2 + UTMD, (4) control, (5)\n IGF-1<\/jats:italic>\n , (6)\n TGF<\/jats:italic>\n -\u03b2, and (7)\n IGF-1<\/jats:italic>\n +\n TGF<\/jats:italic>\n -\u03b2. At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post treatment, six rats from each group were euthanized.\n IGF-1<\/jats:italic>\n expression and\n TGF<\/jats:italic>\n -\u03b2 expression were evaluated using an adhesion index score, pathological examination, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and biomechanical measurement. The lowest adhesion index score, the lightest inflammation, the highest 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole nuclear counter signals, the highest\n IGF-1<\/jats:italic>\n expression, and the lowest\n TGF<\/jats:italic>\n -\u03b2 expression were observed in group 3 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Furthermore, higher expression of\n IGF-1<\/jats:italic>\n mRNA was observed in groups 1 and 3, while lower expression of\n TGF<\/jats:italic>\n -\u03b2 mRNA was observed in groups 2 and 3 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). The UTMD groups showed a higher transfection efficiency than the groups without UTMD. Downregulation of type III collagen and upregulation of type I collagen were observed in groups 1\u20133. Moreover, during weeks 4, 8, and 12, greater maximum load and tensile stress were observed in group 3 compared to the other groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), while the highest tendon stiffness was observed in week 12 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). To conclude, the results suggest that UTMD delivery of\n IGF-1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n TGF<\/jats:italic>\n -\u03b2 offers a promising treatment approach for tendon injury\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/humc.2018.121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,25]],"date-time":"2018-10-25T15:06:26Z","timestamp":1540479986000},"page":"198-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction Delivery of\n Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1<\/i>\n cDNA and\n Transforming Growth Factor Beta<\/i>\n Short Hairpin RNA Enhances Tendon Regeneration and Inhibits Scar Formation\n In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianying","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, West China School of Public Health No.4 West China Teaching Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanjiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasonic Clinical Imaging Drug Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.05.004","article-title":"Enhanced Achilles tendon healing by fibromodulin gene transfer","volume":"11","author":"Delalande A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Delalande A, , Gosselin MP, , Suwalski A, et al. Enhanced Achilles tendon healing by fibromodulin gene transfer. Nanomedicine, 2015; 11:1735\u20131744.","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22806","article-title":"Mechanisms of tendon injury and repair","volume":"33","author":"Thomopoulos S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thomopoulos S, , Parks WC, , Rifkin DB, et al. Mechanisms of tendon injury and repair. J Orthop Res, 2015; 33:823\u2013829.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"324","article-title":"Treatment of tendon injuries of the lower limb with growth factors associated with autologous fibrin scaffold or collagenous scaffold","volume":"26","author":"Giannotti S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giannotti S, , Dell'Osso G, , Bottai V, et al. Treatment of tendon injuries of the lower limb with growth factors associated with autologous fibrin scaffold or collagenous scaffold. 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