{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:30:08Z","timestamp":1777908608531,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Respimat\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      Soft Mist\u2122 Inhaler (SMI) is a hand-held device that generates an aerosol with a high, fine-particle fraction, enabling efficient lung deposition. The study objective was to assess inhalation success among children using Respimat SMI, and the requirement for assistance by the parent\/caregiver and\/or a valved holding chamber (VHC).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This open-label study enrolled patients aged &lt;5 years with respiratory disease and history of coughing and\/or recurrent wheezing. Patients inhaled from the Respimat SMI (air only; no aerosol) using a stepwise configuration: \u201c1\u201d (dose released by child); \u201c2\u201d (dose released by parent\/caregiver), and \u201c3\u201d (Respimat SMI with VHC, facemask, and parent\/caregiver help). Co-primary endpoints included the ability to perform successful inhalation as assessed by the investigators using a standardized handling questionnaire and evaluation of the reasons for success. Inhalation profile in the successful handling configuration was verified with a pneumotachograph. Patient satisfaction and preferences were investigated in a questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the children aged 4 to &lt;5 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =27) and 3 to &lt;4 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =30), 55.6% and 30.0%, respectively, achieved success without a VHC or help; with assistance, another 29.6% and 10.0%, respectively, achieved success, and the remaining children were successful with VHC. All children aged 2 to &lt;3 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =20) achieved success with the Respimat SMI and VHC. Of those aged &lt;2 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =22), 95.5% had successful handling of the Respimat SMI with VHC and parent\/caregiver help. Inhalation flow profiles generally confirmed the outcome of the handling assessment by the investigators. Most parent\/caregiver and\/or child respondents were satisfied with operation, instructions for use, handling, and ease of holding the Respimat SMI with or without a VHC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Respimat SMI is suitable for children aged &lt;5 years; however, children aged &lt;5 years are advised to add a VHC to complement its use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2014.1159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T16:16:30Z","timestamp":1428336990000},"page":"372-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A Handling Study to Assess Use of the Respimat\n                    <sup>\u00ae<\/sup>\n                    Soft Mist\u2122 Inhaler in Children Under 5 Years Old"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Kamin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Kattenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Moroni-Zentgraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Wachtel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Zielen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe-University","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.1.335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00220001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.11.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200525080-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05501360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(200001)29:1<39::AID-PPUL7>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900903104532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00287.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"234","article-title":"Inhaler use in children with asthma","volume":"34","author":"Pedersen S","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pedersen S: Inhaler use in children with asthma. 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