{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:35:27Z","timestamp":1787564127388,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dry powders offer the potential to increase stability and reduce cold-chain requirements associated with the distribution of vaccines and other thermally sensitive products. The Alberta Idealized Nasal Inlet (AINI) is a representative geometry for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      characterization of nasal products that may prove useful in examining intranasal delivery of powders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Spray-dried trehalose powders were loaded at 10, 20, and 40 mg doses into active single-dose devices. Primary particle sizes (\u223c\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                      50 = 10 \u00b5m for powder A and 25 \u00b5m for powder B), and sizes dispersed by devices, were evaluated using laser diffraction. The interior of the AINI was coated with a glycerol-surfactant mixture to mitigate particle bounce, and flow rates of 7.5 or 15 L\/min were drawn through the AINI. Deposition of trehalose powder was determined in the four regions of the AINI (vestibule, turbinates, olfactory, and nasopharynx), a downstream preseparator, and an absolute filter (representing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      lung deposition) using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coating the AINI was effective in mitigating particle bounce for both trehalose powders. No difference in regional nasal deposition was observed when testing at a flow rate of 7.5 versus 15 L\/min. A high fraction of both powders penetrated past the vestibule and deposited in the turbinates and nasopharynx for all loaded doses. For powder A, a non-negligible fraction of the recovered dose (up to 7%) is deposited on the filter, representing potential lung exposure. Conversely, a negligible fraction of the total recovered dose was deposited on the filter for powder B.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Powders with a larger primary particle size showed reduced penetration through the nasal airways while maintaining high turbinate deposition. Optimized spray-dried powders offer the potential to target delivery to the peripheral nasal airways based on powder particle size while reducing lung exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2024.0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T08:49:16Z","timestamp":1736758156000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Characterization of Spray-Dried Powders Using a Coated Alberta Idealized Nasal Inlet"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9961-5746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin","family":"Duong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 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