{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T02:00:11Z","timestamp":1788487211280,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      -acetylcysteine (NAC) is a classical mucolytic agent that, in addition to its mucolytic activity, also exhibits antioxidant activity. This could be beneficial in treating chronic inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the ability of NAC to modulate airway defense mechanisms, airway reactivity, inflammation, and remodeling after 10 days of administration [20 and 60 mg\/(kg\u00b7d)] in an experimental guinea pig model of allergic inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (interleukins: IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using a multiplex detection method. The concentration of remodeling marker transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-\u03b21) was measured in lung homogenates using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vivo,<\/jats:italic>\n                      changes in specific airway resistance and number of cough efforts were determined. Tracheal smooth muscle reactivity was evaluated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) indicated mucociliary clearance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 10-day administration of NAC at a higher dosage led to a significant decrease in the regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and GM-CSF. NAC, in both dosing schedules, decreased the levels of TGF-\u03b21. NAC at a higher dosage reduced the number of chemically induced cough reflexes and CBF. NAC did not affect airway hyperreactivity parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NAC is a multifactorial drug, and under our experimental conditions of allergic inflammation, it showed positive effects on the levels of regulatory cytokines and growth factors, which probably led to a reduction in the intensity of airway defense mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2024.0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T10:16:21Z","timestamp":1742206581000},"page":"118-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>N<\/i>\n                    -Acetylcysteine and Its Therapeutic Potential in an Animal Model of Allergic Asthma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4475-8132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Smie\u0161ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius faculty of medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"Ma\u017eerik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius faculty of medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Gond\u00e1\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius faculty of medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mat\u00fa\u0161","family":"Doh\u00e1l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical centre Martin, Jessenius faculty of medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Jo\u0161kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius faculty of medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"\u0160utovsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius faculty of medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So\u0148a","family":"Fra\u0148ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius faculty of medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14b35.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00003510"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2213-0802-2-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00606662"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Toxicological, pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies on acetylcysteine","volume":"111","author":"Bonanomi L","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bonanomi L, , Gazzaniga A. 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