{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T06:41:24Z","timestamp":1787640084760,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aerosol delivery via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with an inspiration-synchronized vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) yielded higher inhaled doses than with a continuous VMN. Recently, a prototype VMN generating aerosol particles &lt;3 \u00b5m improved aerosol delivery during invasive ventilation in adult and pediatric models, outperforming the conventional VMN. However, the effects of inspiration-synchronized small-particle VMN during HFNC remain unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An adult manikin was connected to a dual-chamber lung model driven by a ventilator to simulate spontaneous breathing. An HFNC system was utilized with gas flows at 15, 30, and 60 L\/min with temperature at 37\u00b0C. Both small-particle and conventional VMNs were tested in inspiration-synchronized and continuous modes, with placements at the humidifier inlet and near the nasal cannula. Each experiment involved delivering 1 mL of albuterol (2.5 mg\/mL) and was repeated five times. A collecting filter placed at the trachea captured aerosol, which was then eluted and assayed with UV spectrophotometry (276 nm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      When VMN was placed near the nasal cannula, inspiration-synchronized VMN consistently delivered greater inhaled doses compared with continuous VMN, regardless of aerosol particle sizes or HFNC flows (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). When positioned at the humidifier inlet, continuous VMN yielded higher inhaled doses than inspiration-synchronized VMN at 30 and 60 L\/min but lower inhaled doses at 15 L\/min (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). In the inspiration-synchronized mode, the small-particle VMN delivered greater inhaled doses at HFNC flows of 15 and 30 L\/min than the conventional VMN, independent of nebulizer placements (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The highest inhaled dose was observed with the inspiration-synchronized VMN placed near the nasal cannula and the continuous VMN placed at the humidifier inlet.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a model of adult transnasal aerosol delivery, the inspiration-synchronized VMN delivered a higher inhaled dose than the continuous VMN when placed near the nasal cannula. The small-particle VMN offers potential for further improvement in aerosol delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2025.0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T05:24:55Z","timestamp":1751606695000},"page":"394-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aerosol Delivery to an Adult Model via High-Flow Nasal Cannula with Inspiration-Synchronized Small-Particle Vibrating Mesh Nebulizer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA."},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care, Batterjee Medical College, Abha, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James B.","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA."},{"name":"Aerogen Pharma Corp, San Mateo, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01147-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-1313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2024.0047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2015.1243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2016.1339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-020-0293-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.10777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.20244137842"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jamp.2025.0005","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jamp.2025.0005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jamp.2025.0005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:46:35Z","timestamp":1787150795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jamp.2025.0005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jamp.2025.0005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jamp.2025.0005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-2711","1941-2703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-2711","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]}}}