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However, little is known about incarceration rates or experiences among these populations in Canada or among trans men, nonbinary people, and Indigenous Two-Spirit people. This community-based research study analyzed anonymous self-completed survey data from gay, bisexual, trans, and queer men, and nonbinary and Two-Spirit people to determine the prevalence and correlates of lifetime incarceration among trans men, nonbinary, and Two-Spirit participants. Overall, 5.7% of trans participants, 10.6% of nonbinary participants, and 19.7% of Two-Spirit participants reported being incarcerated in their lifetime, all higher than the prevalence among cisgender non-Two-Spirit participants (3.7%). Multivariable logistic regression models revealed both similar and different correlates of incarceration for trans, nonbinary, and Two-Spirit participants, including older age, less education, experiences of forced sex as a minor, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV diagnoses, substance use, and being less out about one's sexuality. Our findings highlight the disproportionate and inequitable incarceration of trans men, nonbinary, and Two-Spirit people and underscore the need for access to gender diverse, culturally competent HCV and HIV screening, prevention, treatment, and harm reduction in correctional facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jchc.21.10.0117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T10:25:02Z","timestamp":1666866302000},"page":"47-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence and Correlates of Incarceration Among Trans Men, Nonbinary People, and Two-Spirit People in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexi T.Y.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aeron","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Klassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6336-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan J.","family":"Lachowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada."},{"name":"Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Law and Legal Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852920001170"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304500"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1702610"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.1023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107983"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/cjwl.31.2.07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301786"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2018.1538838"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","author":"Card K. 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