{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T11:00:19Z","timestamp":1777806019384,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Correct Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>People experiencing incarceration (PEI) have poorer COVID-19 clinical outcomes compared with the general population. Many interventions were implemented in incarceration facilities to mitigate the burden of COVID-19. This systematic review seeks to analyze the effectiveness of these interventions. Twenty-two studies were included. Reduction of the incarcerated population\/interfacility transfers, cohorting of new and infectious incarcerated people, mass asymptomatic testing (despite often low uptake), hygiene measures, and prioritization of PEI in vaccine policy had some evidence of effectiveness at reducing transmission and risk of COVID-19 in incarceration facilities. Visitation suspension had conflicting evidence of effectiveness. Studies were of low or medium quality. Inadequate control of confounding variables limited the reliability and validity of conclusions drawn. Many studies relied on retrospective, third-party data. Higher quality research is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jchc.23.10.0090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T15:04:25Z","timestamp":1712329465000},"page":"172-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitigating COVID-19 Burden in People Experiencing Incarceration: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Bethany","family":"Spinks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7804-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darius","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Health and Care Research Wales Evidence Centre, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denitza","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Health and Care Research Wales Evidence Centre, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Care Research Wales Evidence Centre, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."},{"name":"North Wales Centre for Primary Care Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uju","family":"Ogbonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Health and Care Research Wales Evidence Centre, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","first-page":"569","article-title":"A large outbreak of COVID-19 in a UK prison, October 2020 to April 2021","volume":"150","author":"Adamson J. P.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adamson J. P., , Smith C., , Pacchiarini N., , Connor T. R., , Wallsgrove J., , Coles I., , Frost C., , Edwards A., , Sinha J., , Moore C., , Perrett S., , Craddock C., , Sawyer C., , Waldram A., , Barrasa A., , Thomas D. R., , Daniels P., , & Lewis H. (2022). A large outbreak of COVID-19 in a UK prison, October 2020 to April 2021. Epidemiology and Infection, 150, 569\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268822000991","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","unstructured":"Akers J. Aguiar-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez R. & Baba-Akbari A. (2009). Systematic reviews: CRD's guidance for undertaking reviews in health care. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination University of York."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayoubkhani D. Bermingham C. Pouwels K. B. Glickman M. Nafilyan V. Zaccardi F. Khunti K. Alwan N. A. & Walker A. S. (2022). Trajectory of long Covid symptoms after Covid-19 vaccination: Community based cohort study. BMJ 377 e069676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-069676","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069676"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barsky B. A. Reinhart E. Farmer P. & Keshavjee S. (2021). Vaccination plus decarceration\u2014Stopping Covid-19 in jails and prisons. New England Journal of Medicine 384(17) 1583\u20131585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmp2100609","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2100609"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biondi B. E. Leifheit K. M. Mitchell C. R. Skinner A. Brinkley-Rubinstein L. & Raifman J. (2022). Association of state COVID-19 vaccination prioritization with vaccination rates among incarcerated persons. JAMA Network Open 5(4) E226960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.6960","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.6960"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blair A. Parnia A. & Siddiqi A. (2021). A time-series analysis of testing and COVID-19 outbreaks in Canadian federal prisons to inform prevention and surveillance efforts. Canada Communicable Disease Report 47(1) 66\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14745\/ccdr.v47i01a10","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v47i01a10"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borges L. P. Martins A. F. de Souza D. R. V. de Rezende Neto J. M. Santos A. A. Oliveira B. M. Matos I. L. S. da Inven\u00e7\u00e3o G. B. Dos Santos K. A. Souza N. A. A. de Jesus P. C. Dos Santos C. A. de Oliveira Goes M. A. de Souza M. S. F. de Carvalho Barreto I. D. Guimar\u00e3es A. G. & Quintans-J\u00fanior L. J. (2021). Does in-person visiting affect the number of COVID-19 cases in prisons?. Life 11(11) 1184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life11111184","DOI":"10.3390\/life11111184"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braithwaite I. Edge C. & Lewer D. (2021). Indirect age- and sex-standardisation of COVID-19-related mortality rates for the prison population of England and Wales. UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14324\/000.rp.10123265","DOI":"10.14324\/000.rp.10123265"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun V. & Clarke V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2) 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun V. & Clarke V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In APA handbook of research methods in psychology Vol 2: Research designs: Quantitative qualitative neuropsychological and biological (pp. 57\u201371). American Psychological Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/13620-004","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2020.1832027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brinkley-Rubinstein L. LeMasters K. Nguyen P. Nowotny K. Cloud D. & Volfovsky A. (2021a). The association between intersystem prison transfers and COVID-19 incidence in a state prison system. PLoS ONE 16(8) e0256185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0256185","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256185"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Peterson M. Martin R. Chan P. & Berk J. (2021b). Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in prison after vaccination. New England Journal of Medicine 385(11) 1051\u20131052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2108479","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2108479"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burki T. (2020). Prisons are \u201cin no way equipped\u201d to deal with COVID-19. The Lancet 395(10234) 1411\u20131412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30984-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30984-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan J. Burke K. Bedard R. Grigg J. Winters J. Vessell C. Rosner Z. Cheng J. Katyal M. Yang P. & Macdonald R. (2021). COVID-19 in the New York City jail system: Epidemiology and health care response March\u2013April 2020. Public Health Reports 136(3) 375\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354921999385","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354921999385"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin E. T. Leidner D. Lamson L. Lucas K. Studdert D. M. Goldhaber-Fiebert J. D. Andrews J. R. & Salomon J. A. (2022a). Protection against Omicron from vaccination and previous infection in a prison system. New England Journal of Medicine 387(19) 1770\u20131782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2207082","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207082"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin E. T. Leidner D. Zhang Y. Long E. Prince L. Li Y. Andrews J. R. Studdert D. M. Goldhaber-Fiebert J. D. & Salomon J. A. (2021a). Effectiveness of the mRNA-1273 vaccine during a SARS-CoV-2 Delta outbreak in a prison. New England Journal of Medicine 385(24) 2300\u20132301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2114089","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2114089"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin E. T. Leidner D. Zhang Y. Long E. Prince L. Schrag S. J. Verani J. R. Wiegand R. E. Alarid-Escudero F. Goldhaber-Fiebert J. D. Studdert D. M. Andrews J. R. & Salomon J. A. (2022b). Effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines among incarcerated people in California state prisons: Retrospective cohort study. Clinical Infectious Diseases 75(1) e838\u2013e845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab1032","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin E. T. Ryckman T. Prince L. Leidner D. Alarid-Escudero F. Andrews J. R. Salomon J. A. Studdert D. M. & Goldhaber-Fiebert J. D. (2021b). COVID-19 in the California state prison system: An observational study of decarceration ongoing risks and risk factors. Journal of General Internal Medicine 36(10) 3096\u20133102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-021-07022-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07022-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke M. Devlin J. Conroy E. Kelly E. & Sturup-Toft S. (2020). Establishing prison-led contact tracing to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 in prisons in Ireland. Journal of Public Health 42(3) 519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/PUBMED\/FDAA092","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa092"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coleman P. C. Pailing A. Roy A. O'Moore \u00c9. Chandan J. S. Lumby V. Newton P. Taylor A. Robinson E. Swindells J. Dowle S. & Gajraj R. (2022). Implementation of novel and conventional outbreak control measures in managing COVID-19 outbreaks in a large UK prison. BMC Public Health 22(1) 677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12991-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12991-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Viggiani N. (2007). Unhealthy prisons: Exploring structural determinants of prison health. Sociology of Health & Illness 29(1) 115\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2007.00474.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2007.00474.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duarte C. Cameron D. B. Kwan A. T. Bertozzi S. M. Williams B. A. & McCoy S. I. (2022). COVID-19 outbreak in a state prison: A case study on the implementation of key public health recommendations for containment and prevention. BMC Public Health 22(1) 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12889-022-12997-1\/FIGURES\/2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12997-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","article-title":"COVID-19 and the prison population: Working paper for the COVID-19 impact inquiry","author":"Edge C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edge C., , Hard J., , Wainwright L., , Gipson D., , Wainwright V., , Shaw J., , Davies M., , Abbott L., , Bennallick M., , & Sirdifield C. (2021). COVID-19 and the prison population: Working paper for the COVID-19 impact inquiry. Health Foundation.","journal-title":"Health Foundation"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eker S. (2020). Validity and usefulness of COVID-19 models. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 7(1) 54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-020-00553-4","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-020-00553-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esposito M. Salerno M. Di Nunno N. Ministeri F. Liberto A. & Sessa F. (2022). The risk of COVID-19 infection in prisons and prevention strategies: A systematic review and a new strategic protocol of prevention. Healthcare 10(2) 270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare10020270","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10020270"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","unstructured":"Fair H. & Walmsley R. (2021). World Prison Population List (13th ed.). World Prison Brief. https:\/\/www.prisonstudies.org\/resources\/world-prison-population-list-13th-edition"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerlee P. J\u00f6ud A. Spreco A. & Timpka T. (2022). Computational models predicting the early development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden: Systematic review data synthesis and secondary validation of accuracy. Scientific Reports 12(1) 13256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-16159-6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16159-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gouvea-Reis F. A. Oliveira P. D. Silva D. C. S. Borja L. S. Percio J. Souza F. S. Peterka C. Feres C. de Oliveira J. Sodr\u00e9 G. dos Santos W. & de Moraes C. (2021). COVID-19 outbreak in a large penitentiary complex April\u2013June 2020 Brazil. Emerging Infectious Diseases 27(3) 924\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2703.204079","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2703.204079"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagan L. M. Williams S. P. Spaulding A. C. Toblin R. L. Figlenski J. Ocampo J. Ross T. Bauer H. Hutchinson J. Lucas K. D. Zahn M. Chiang C. Collins T. Burakoff A. Bettridge J. Stringer G. Maul R. Waters K. Dewart C. \u2026 Handanagic S. (2020). Mass testing for SARS-CoV-2 in 16 prisons and jails\u2014six jurisdictions United States April-May 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69(33) 1139\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6933a3","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6933a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hewson T. Shepherd A. Hard J. & Shaw J. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of prisoners. The Lancet Psychiatry 7(7) 568\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30241-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30241-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez M. C. Cowger T. L. Simon L. E. Behn M. Cassarino N. & Bassett M. T. (2020). Epidemiology of COVID-19 among incarcerated individuals and staff in Massachusetts jails and prisons. JAMA Network Open 3(8) e2018851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18851","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18851"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim H. Hughes E. Cavanagh A. Norris E. Gao A. Bondy S. J. McLeod K. E. Kanagalingam T. & Kouyoumdjian F. G. (2022). The health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults who experience imprisonment globally: A mixed methods systematic review. PLoS One 17(5) e0268866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0268866","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268866"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwan A. Sklar R. Cameron D. B. Schell R. C. Bertozzi S. M. McCoy S. I. Williams B. & Sears D. A. (2023). Respiratory pandemic preparedness learnings from the June 2020 COVID-19 outbreak at San Quentin California state prison. International Journal of Prisoner Health 19(3) 306\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJPH-12-2021-0116\/FULL\/PDF","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPH-12-2021-0116"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leibowitz A. I. Siedner M. J. Tsai A. C. & Mohareb A. M. (2021). Association between prison crowding and COVID-19 incidence rates in Massachusetts prisons April 2020\u2013January 2021. JAMA Internal Medicine 181(10) 1315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.4392","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.4392"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemasters K. McCauley E. Nowotny K. & Brinkley-Rubinstein L. (2020). COVID-19 cases and testing in 53 prison systems. Health & Justice 8(1) 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40352-020-00125-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-020-00125-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y. E. Oto J. Will J. LeBoa C. Doyle A. Rens N. Aggarwal S. Kalish I. Rodriguez M. Sherif B. Trinidad C. Del Rosario M. Allen S. Spencer R. Morales C. Chyorny A. & Andrews J. R. (2022). Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among residents of Northern California jails. Preventive Medicine Reports 27 101771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2022.101771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2022.101771"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco A. Gallego C. P\u00e9rez-C\u00e1ceres V. Guerrero R. A. S\u00e1nchez-Roig M. Sala-Farr\u00e9 R. M. Fern\u00e1ndez-N\u00e1ger J. & Turu E. (2021). Public health response to an outbreak of SARS-CoV2 infection in a Barcelona prison. Epidemiology and Infection 149 e91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268821000789","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268821000789"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco A. Sol\u00e9 C. Abdo I. J. & Turu E. (2022). Low sensitivity of rapid antigenic tests as a screening method in an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in prison (Baja sensibilidad de los test r\u00e1pidos antig\u00e9nicos como m\u00e9todo decribado en un brote de infecci\u00f3n por SARS-CoV-2 en prisi\u00f3n). Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica 40(3) 152\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eimc.2021.01.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2021.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2020.1827110"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marquez N. M. Littman A. Rossi V. Everett M. Tyagi E. Johnson H. & Dolovich S. (2021). Assessing the mortality impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida state prisons. MedRxiv: The Preprint Server for Health Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.14.21255512","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.14.21255512"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzilli S. Oliani F. Restivo A. Giuliani R. Tavoschi L. & Ranieri R. (2021). Antigenic rapid test for SARS-CoV2 screening of individuals newly admitted to detention facilities: Sensibility in an asymptomatic cohort. Journal of Clinical Virology Plus 1(1\u20132) 100019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcvp.2021.100019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcvp.2021.100019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzilli S. Tavoschi L. Soria A. Fornili M. Cocca G. Sebastiani T. Scardina G. Cairone C. Arzilli G. Lapadula G. Ceccarelli L. Cocco N. Bartolotti R. De Vecchi S. Placidi G. Rezzonico L. Baglietto L. Giuliani R. & Ranieri R. (2022). COVID-19 infection among incarcerated individuals and prison staff in Lombardy Italy March 2020 to February 2021. JAMA Network Open 5(3) e224862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.4862","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.4862"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCarthy C. V. O'Mara O. van Leeuwen E. Sherratt K. Abbas K. Wong K. L. Atkins K. E. Lowe R. Meakin S. R. Davies N. G. Russell T. W. O'Reilly K. Hu\u00e9 S. Finch E. Villabona-Arenas C. J. Edmunds W. J. Jafari Y. Tully D. C. Bosse N. I. \u2026 Sandmann F. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 vaccination in prisons in England and Wales: A metapopulation model. BMC Public Health 22(1) 1003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13219-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13219-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migisha R. Morukileng J. Biribawa C. Kadobera D. Kisambu J. Bulage L. Ndyabakira A. Katana E. Mills L. A. Ario A. R. & Harris J. R. (2022). Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak at a regional prison Northern Uganda September 2020. Pan African Medical Journal 43 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2022.43.10.33598","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2022.43.10.33598"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moola S. Munn Z. Tufanaru C. Aromataris E. Sears K. Sfetcu R. Currie M. Qureshi R. Mattis P. Lisy K. & Mu P.-F. (2020). Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk. In E. Aromataris & Z. Munn (Eds.) JBI manual for evidence synthesis. JBI. https:\/\/synthesismanual.jbi.global","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIRM-17-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munn Z. Moola S. Lisy K. RItano D. & Tufanaru C. (2015). Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and incidence data. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 13(3) 147\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000054","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000054"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","unstructured":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2021). Quality assessment tool for before-after (pre-post) studies with no control group. Study quality assessment tools. https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Research. (2021). Living with Covid19\u2014Second review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/themedreview_45225","DOI":"10.3310\/themedreview_45225"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00148-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azab023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagano A. M. Maiese A. Izzo C. Maiese A. Ametrano M. De Matteis A. Attianese M. R. Busato G. Caruso R. Cestari M. De Biasi S. De Chiara A. De Matteis G. Goffredi G. & La Russa R. (2020). COVID-19 risk management and screening in the penitentiary facilities of the Salerno Province in Southern Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(21) 8033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17218033","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218033"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page M. J. McKenzie J. E. Bossuyt P. M. Boutron I. Hoffmann T. C. Mulrow C. D. Shamseer L. Tetzlaff J. M. Akl E. A. Brennan S. E. Chou R. Glanville J. Grimshaw J. M. Hr\u00f3bjartsson A. Lalu M. M. Li T. Loder E. W. Mayo-Wilson E. McDonald S. \u2026 Moher D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372 n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parodi C. Ottaviano E. Cocco N. Ancona S. Bianchi S. Massa V. Bartolotti R. Pezzoni B. Giuliani R. Borghi E. & Ranieri R. (2022). Feasibility and acceptability of saliva-based testing for the screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection in prison. Frontiers in Public Health 10 808030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.808030","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.808030"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parsons T. L. & Worden L. (2021). Assessing the risk of cascading COVID-19 outbreaks from prison-to-prison transfers. Epidemics 37 100532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epidem.2021.100532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2021.100532"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2020.1828211"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_1","unstructured":"Public Health Wales Observatory. (2014). Critical Appraisal Checklist: Modelling Study. In Questions to assist with the critical appraisal of a modelling study (Type ** evidence). https:\/\/www2.nphs.wales.nhs.uk\/PubHObservatoryProjDocs.nsf\/($All)\/60CE781A9799CAD780257DBD004161B5\/$File\/Modelling%20study%20critical%20appraisal%20checklist%20(2).docx?OpenElement"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puglisi L. B. Brinkley-Rubinstein L. & Wang E. A. (2023). COVID-19 in carceral systems: A review. Annual Review of Criminology 6(1) 399\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-criminol-030521-103146","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-criminol-030521-103146"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2020.1835767"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2020.1835766"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinhart E. & Chen D. L. (2021). Association of jail decarceration and anticontagion policies with COVID-19 case growth rates in US counties. JAMA Network Open 4(9) e2123405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.23405","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.23405"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_1","unstructured":"SAGE Group. (2021). COVID-19 Transmission in Prison Settings UK GOV. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/608188dd8fa8f51b96b126f9\/S1166_EMG_transmission_in_prisons.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvatore P. P. Lee C. C. Sleweon S. McCormick D. W. Nicolae L. Knipe K. Dixon T. Banta R. Ogle I. Young C. Dusseau C. Salmonson S. Ogden C. Godwin E. Ballom T. Rhodes T. Wynn N. T. David E. Bessey T. K. \u2026 Hagan L. M. (2023). Transmission potential of vaccinated and unvaccinated persons infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a federal prison July\u2013August 2021. Vaccine 41(11) 1808\u20131818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.11.045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silverman R. A. Ceci A. Cohen A. Helmick M. Short E. Bordwine P. Friedlander M. J. & Finkielstein C. V. (2022). Vaccine effectiveness during outbreak of COVID-19 Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant in men's correctional facility United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases 28(7) 1313\u20131320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2807.220091","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2807.220091"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simwanza J. Hines J. Z. Sinyange D. Sinyange N. Mulenga C. Hanyinza S. Sakubita P. Langa N. Nowa H. Gardner P. Saasa N. Chitempa G. Simpungwe J. Malambo W. Hamainza B. Chipimo P. J. Kapata N. Kapina M. Musonda K. \u2026 Chilengi R. (2022). COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness during a prison outbreak when Omicron was the dominant circulating variant\u2014Zambia December 2021. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 107(5) 1055\u20131059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0368","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0368"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strodel R. Dayton L. Garrison-Desany H. M. Eber G. Beyrer C. Arscott J. Rubenstein L. & Sufrin C. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine prioritization of incarcerated people relative to other vulnerable groups: An analysis of state plans. PLoS ONE 16(6) e0253208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0253208","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253208"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stufano A. Buonvino N. Cagnazzo F. Armenise N. Pontrelli D. Curzio G. De Benedictis L. & Lovreglio P. (2021). Efficacy of the measures adopted to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in an Italian correctional facility for inmates affected by chronic diseases. Frontiers in Public Health 9 694795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.694795","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.694795"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stufano A. Buonvino N. Trombetta C. M. Pontrelli D. Marchi S. Lobefaro G. De Benedictis L. Lorusso E. Carofiglio M. T. Vasinioti V. I. Montomoli E. Decaro N. & Lovreglio P. (2022). COVID-19 outbreak and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination coverage in a correctional facility during circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant in Italy. Vaccines 10(7) 1137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10071137","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10071137"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_1","article-title":"Endnote (EndNote 20)","author":"The EndNote Team","year":"2013","unstructured":"The EndNote Team. (2013). Endnote (EndNote 20). Clarivate.","journal-title":"Clarivate"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toblin R. L. & Hagan L. M. (2021). COVID-19 case and mortality rates in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 61(1) 120. https:\/\/doi.org\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.01.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Towers S. Wallace D. Walker J. Eason J. Nelson J. & Grubesic T. (2021). A study of SARS-COV-2 outbreaks in US federal prisons: The linkage between staff inmate and community transmission. ResearchSquare. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-384292\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-384292\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_75_1","unstructured":"UK GOV. (2023). Clinical platform trials for coronavirus (COVID-19) treatments (Guidance). https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/clinical-platform-trials-for-coronavirus-covid-19-treatments"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vest N. Johnson O. Nowotny K. & Brinkley-Rubinstein L. (2021). Prison population reductions and COVID-19: A latent profile analysis synthesizing recent evidence from the Texas state prison system. Journal of Urban Health 98(1) 53\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11524-020-00504-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00504-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1802"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_79_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020). Preparedness prevention and control of COVID-19 in prisons and other places of detention Interim guidance. https:\/\/doi.org\/10665\/341332"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zawitz C. Welbel S. Ghinai I. Mennella C. Levin R. Samala U. Smith M. B. Gubser J. Jones B. Varela K. Kirbiyik U. Rafinski J. Fitzgerald A. Orris P. Bahls A. Black S. R. Binder A. M. & Armstrong P. A. (2021). Outbreak of COVID-19 and interventions in a large jail\u2014Cook County IL United States 2020. American Journal of Infection Control 49(9) 1129\u20131135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeveleva O. & Nazif-Munoz J. I. (2022). COVID-19 and European carcerality: Do national prison policies converge when faced with a pandemic?. Punishment & Society 24(4) 642\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14624745211002011","DOI":"10.1177\/14624745211002011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Correctional Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jchc.23.10.0090","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jchc.23.10.0090","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jchc.23.10.0090","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:45:03Z","timestamp":1777495503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jchc.23.10.0090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jchc.23.10.0090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jchc.23.10.0090","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-3458","1940-5200"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-3458","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-5200","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}}}