{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:14:20Z","timestamp":1791080060153,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Interferon &amp; Cytokine Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Elevated levels of inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers are related to chronic diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed at evaluating the association of inflammatory cytokines and endothelial adhesion molecules with immunological, virological, and cardiometabolic disease in HIV-infected individuals. A cross-sectional study was initiated to evaluate the association of CD4 lymphocyte count, viral load, antiretroviral therapy, and metabolic and cardiovascular disease with inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1)], adhesion molecules [soluble intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (sICAM) and soluble Vascular Adhesion Molecule 1 (sVCAM)], and highsensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in 125 HIV-infected patients. The associations between independent variables and biomarkers were analyzed by means of multivariate logistic regression. A viral load \u2265100,000 copies\/mL had a stronger association with high levels of sVCAM-1 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.026; OR=2.54; CI=1.12\u20135.78) and TNF-\u03b1 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.048; OR=2.42; CI=1.01\u20135.85) than the current viral load using a multivariate analysis. Antiretroviral treatment was associated with lower levels of sVCAM-1 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.20; OR=0.20; CI=0.05\u20130.78), TNF-\u03b1 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.060; OR=0.22; CI=0.05\u20131.07), and hs-CRP (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.093; OR=0.44; CI=0.17\u20131.15). CD4 counts &lt;200 cells\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    were associated with high IL-6 levels (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.013; OR=3.17; CI=1.27\u20137.91); however, antiretroviral treatment was not associated with IL-6 levels. Metabolic syndrome was associated with high hs-CRP levels, systolic hypertension was associated with IL-6 levels, and family history of coronary disease was associated with TNF-\u03b1 levels. High biomarker levels were associated not only with viral and immunological characteristics but also with cardiometabolic factors. The maximum viral load attained was an important risk factor for high levels of TNF-\u03b1 and sVCAM-1. Treatment protected patients from high biomarker levels, except IL-6.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2013.0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,20]],"date-time":"2013-12-20T09:32:19Z","timestamp":1387531939000},"page":"385-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Association of Inflammatory Cytokines and Endothelial Adhesion Molecules with Immunological, Virological, and Cardiometabolic Disease in HIV-Infected Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Helo\u00edsa Ramos","family":"Lacerda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Correia","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria Maria Gon\u00e7alves","family":"de Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefina Claudia","family":"Z\u00edrpoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros","family":"Miranda-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria de F\u00e1tima Pessoa Milit\u00e3o","family":"de Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Research Center","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulisses","family":"Montarroyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Arraes de Alencar","family":"Ximenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"University of Pernambuco","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis406"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir134"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2010.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328353f3f1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283471f10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042909-093756"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome\u2014an ongoing story","volume":"60","author":"Duvnjak L","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duvnjak L, , Duvnjak M. 2009. 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