{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T05:03:28Z","timestamp":1781327008925,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Interferon &amp; Cytokine Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is upregulated in effector-T-cells after activation that may alter signal transduction and subsequently cytokine production. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTLA-4<\/jats:italic>\n                    +49 A&gt;G (rs231775), \u2212318 C&gt;T (rs5742909), \u2212658 C&gt;T (rs11571317), \u22121147 C&gt;T (rs16840252), \u22121661 A&gt;G (rs4553808), +6230 A&gt;G (rs3087243) SNPs, and microsatellite (AT)n repeat polymorphism among end-stage renal disease (ESRD), acute allograft rejection (AR), and delayed graft function (DGF) cases. In this regard, 350 ESRD patients and 350 controls were included. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis method was used for genotyping of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTLA-4<\/jats:italic>\n                    SNPs, while PCR-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method was adopted for studying\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTLA4<\/jats:italic>\n                    (AT)n polymorphism. The mutant genotype GG of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTLA-4<\/jats:italic>\n                    +49A&gt;G,+6230\u2009A&gt;G, and longer alleles of (AT)n repeats polymorphisms were risk associated with ESRD, AR, and DGF cases. The distribution of haplotype+49G:+6230G and GCTTGG (constructed by using 6 studied SNPs) showed risk association for ESRD, DGF, and AR cases. Further, linkage analysis demonstrated strong to moderate linkage disequilibrium in our study populations. The meta-analysis also revealed risk associations for AR cases against GG genotype of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTLA-4<\/jats:italic>\n                    +49A&gt;G SNP, while\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTLA-4 \u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    318C&gt;T polymorphism showed no correlation against TT genotype among AR cases. Subsequently, no correlation was established against the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTLA-4 \u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    318C&gt;T, \u2212658 C&gt;T, \u22121147 C&gt;T, and \u22121661 A&gt;G SNPs in the promoter region. Survival analysis revealed risk associations against GG genotype of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTLA-4<\/jats:italic>\n                    +49A&gt;G, +6230 A&gt;G SNP's with overall survival (OS), and higher hazard for the OS. These results suggested that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTLA-4<\/jats:italic>\n                    variants might be involved in susceptibility to ESRD, AR, and DGF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2013.0069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,7]],"date-time":"2013-12-07T09:56:08Z","timestamp":1386410168000},"page":"148-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Association of\n                    <i>CTLA-4<\/i>\n                    Gene Polymorphism with End-Stage Renal Disease and Renal Allograft Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Maneesh Kumar","family":"Misra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashi Kant","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraksha","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical 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