{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:14:49Z","timestamp":1777702489106,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Interferon &amp; Cytokine Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the pathogenic bacterium\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is one of the most lethal infectious diseases in the world. Presently, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, the vaccine approved for use against TB, does not offer complete protection against the disease, which necessitates the development of new therapeutics to treat this infection. Overexpression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-\u03b2) is associated with pulmonary profibrotic changes. The inactive TGF-\u03b2 secreted is activated through its cleavage and release by \u03b1v integrins. Integrin-mediated regulation of TGF-\u03b2 is considered as a master switch in the profibrotic process and a potential therapeutic target. Thus, in this study, we sought to determine if treatment with a broad range antagonist of integrins, CWHM-12, has the potency to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis and enhance\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    control in a highly susceptible mouse model of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, namely the C3Heb\/FeJ (FeJ). CWHM-12 treatment at the early stages of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection was efficacious in reducing disease severity and inflammation associated with decreased iNOS, MIP-2, and IL-10 production without degradation of collagen. This suggests a potential for CWHM-12 targeting of TGF-\u03b2 to be explored as an adjunct therapeutic for early\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2022.0027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T14:24:05Z","timestamp":1659363845000},"page":"421-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["CWHM-12, an Antagonist of Integrin-Mediated Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Activation Confers Protection During Early\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ninecia R.","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9888-3304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyamala","family":"Thirunavukkarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Rangel-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Griggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology &amp; 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