{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:22:04Z","timestamp":1777926124121,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Interferon &amp; Cytokine Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with pulmonary embolism, a condition mechanistically related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our objective was to identify whether VEGF levels, measured at hospital admission, may predict the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (and other thrombosis) during hospitalization. Of a total of 139 patients included in the study, a pulmonary embolism occurred in 4%, other thrombosis in 16%, and 80% remained thrombus free. Clinical and laboratory data at admission were similar among groups. VEGF levels were elevated in COVID-19 patients compared with 38 healthy controls (50.7 versus 15.0\u2009pg\/mL;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.776. At a cutoff point &gt;15.7\u2009pg\/mL, VEGF showed 64.7% sensitivity, 92.1% specificity, and a positive likelihood ratio of 8.2 to discriminate COVID-19. In COVID-19, VEGF levels were not different in patients with pulmonary embolism, other thrombosis, and thrombus-free patients (15.0 versus 84.0 versus 48.5\u2009pg\/mL, respectively;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.19). VEGF correlated with C-reactive protein (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.25), fibrinogen (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.28), ferritin (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.18), and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.20). Our study showed that VEGF is elevated in sera from patients with COVID-19 on arrival at the hospital and its levels correlate with inflammatory markers, although they are unable to predict the appearance of pulmonary embolism during hospitalization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2022.0034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T11:43:17Z","timestamp":1652442197000},"page":"444-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Association with Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jazmin A.","family":"Guerra-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Amezcua-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronary Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronary Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6258-5732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis M.","family":"Amezcua-Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City, Mexico."},{"name":"Department of Health Care, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana\u2013Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-021-01466-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05724-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa363"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035115"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-012-9304-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Extraordinary survival benefits of severe and critical patients with COVID-19 by immune modulators: the outcome of a clinical trial in Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Islam MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Islam MA, , Mazumder MA, , Akhter N, , Huq AF, , Al-Mahtab M, , Khan MSI, , Akbar SM. 2020. Extraordinary survival benefits of severe and critical patients with COVID-19 by immune modulators: the outcome of a clinical trial in Bangladesh. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol, 10(2):68\u201375.","journal-title":"Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14601"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03079-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2021.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370220942474"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21085-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14017431.2017.1359419"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.953"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00185.2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interferon &amp; Cytokine Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jir.2022.0034","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jir.2022.0034","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jir.2022.0034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:36:00Z","timestamp":1777455360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/jir.2022.0034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jir.2022.0034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jir.2022.0034","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-9907","1557-7465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-9907","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}}}