{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:39:59Z","timestamp":1791333599114,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Interferon &amp; Cytokine Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Autoantibodies (AABs) neutralizing type I interferons (IFN) underlie about 15% of cases of critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The impact of autoimmunity toward type III IFNs remains unexplored. We included samples from 1,002 patients with COVID-19 (50% with severe disease) and 1,489 SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. We studied the prevalence and neutralizing capacity of AABs toward IFN\u03bb and IFN\u03b1. Luciferase-based immunoprecipitation method was applied using pooled IFN\u03b1 (subtypes 1, 2, 8, and 21) or pooled IFN\u03bb1\u2013IFN\u03bb3 as antigens, followed by reporter cell-based neutralization assay. In the SARS-CoV-2-naive cohort, IFN\u03bb AABs were more common (8.5%) than those targeting IFN\u03b12 (2.9%) and were related with older age. In the COVID-19 cohort the presence of autoreactivity to IFN\u03bb did not associate with severe disease [odds ratio (OR) 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40\u20131.73], unlike to IFN\u03b1 (OR 4.88; 95% CI 2.40\u201311.06;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Most IFN\u03bb AAB-positive COVID-19 samples (67%) did not neutralize any of the 3 IFN\u03bb subtypes. Pan-IFN\u03bb neutralization occurred in 5 patients (0.50%), who all suffered from severe COVID-19 pneumonia, and 4 of them neutralized IFN\u03b12 in addition to IFN\u03bb. Overall, AABs to type III IFNs are rarely neutralizing, and do not seem to predispose to severe COVID-19 pneumonia on their own.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2023.0003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T14:37:50Z","timestamp":1685457470000},"page":"379-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Autoantibodies Neutralizing Type III Interferons Are Uncommon in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Martti","family":"Vanker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5984-668X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karita","family":"S\u00e4rekannu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Fekkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France."},{"name":"Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, AP-HP, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie Eg","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liis","family":"Haljasm\u00e4gi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kallaste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"Kisand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margus","family":"Lember","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4rt","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhvi","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Hussell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and 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Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"CIRCO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"COVID Human Genetic Effort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bastard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France."},{"name":"University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France."},{"name":"St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, 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