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The present study analyzed the relationship between serum sex hormones and several cytokines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Compared with the healthy controls, early-onset SLE female patients with menopause had higher PRL levels than the healthy controls and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) group. FSH levels were higher in male patients with SLE than in the healthy controls or CLE group. In SLE patients, the estradiol levels correlated negatively with interleukin (IL)-8. The levels of FSH versus IL-8, PRL versus IL-6, PRL versus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, and LH versus IL-8 levels were moderately positively correlated. In conclusion, PRL, FSH, and LH are positively associated with IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1 in the sera from SLE patients, which indicates that sex hormone levels can serve as an indicator of disease activity during SLE diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2024.0160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T04:55:29Z","timestamp":1727326529000},"page":"534-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adenohypophysis-Inducible Sex Hormones Correlate with Interleukin-6, -8, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2191-4565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaning","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqing","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3493-7198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China."},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwest University First Hospital, Xi\u2019an, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40057"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01332"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13840"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_6_5_1","first-page":"402","article-title":"A review of the effects of prolactin hormone and cytokine on the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases","volume":"56","author":"Fojt\u00edkov\u00e1 M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fojt\u00edkov\u00e1 M, , Cern\u00e1 M, , Pavelka K. 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