{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T20:27:39Z","timestamp":1789936059521,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Recent research reveals that free bilirubin functions physiologically as a potent inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activity. The chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB), found in blue-green algae and cyanobacteria such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spirulina<\/jats:italic>\n                    , also has been found to be a potent inhibitor of this enzyme complex, likely because in mammalian cells it is rapidly reduced to phycocyanorubin, a close homolog of bilirubin. In light of the protean roles of NADPH oxidase activation in pathology, it thus appears likely that PCB supplementation may have versatile potential in prevention and therapy\u2014particularly in light of rodent studies demonstrating that orally administered\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spirulina<\/jats:italic>\n                    or phycocyanin (the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spirulina<\/jats:italic>\n                    holoprotein that contains PCB) can exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory effects. Until PCB-enriched\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spirulina<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts or synthetically produced PCB are commercially available, the most feasible and least expensive way to administer PCB is by ingestion of whole\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spirulina<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A heaping tablespoon (about 15 g) of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spirulina<\/jats:italic>\n                    can be expected to provide about 100 mg of PCB. By extrapolating from rodent studies, it can be concluded that an intake of 2 heaping tablespoons daily would be likely to have important antioxidant activity in humans\u2014assuming that humans and rodents digest and absorb\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spirulina<\/jats:italic>\n                    -bound PCB in a comparable manner. An intake of this magnitude can be clinically feasible if\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spirulina<\/jats:italic>\n                    is incorporated into \u201csmoothies\u201d featuring such ingredients as soy milk, fruit juices, and whole fruits. Such a regimen should be evaluated in clinical syndromes characterized and in part mediated by NADPH oxidase overactivity in affected tissues.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2007.621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,25]],"date-time":"2007-12-25T09:01:14Z","timestamp":1198573274000},"page":"566-570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["Clinical Potential of\n                    <i>Spirulina<\/i>\n                    as a Source of Phycocyanobilin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mark F.","family":"McCarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NutriGuard Research, Encinitas, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2007.621","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2007.621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:14:34Z","timestamp":1777644874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jmf.2007.621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jmf.2007.621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jmf.2007.621","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-620X","1557-7600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}}}