{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:57:38Z","timestamp":1789473458021,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The hepatoprotective effect of aged black garlic (ABG) against ethanol-induced oxidative liver damage was investigated in adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats for 4 weeks. Rats were divided into three groups: a saline (WT) group, an ethanol (ET) group (15\u2009mL\/kg of body weight 20% [wt\/vol] ethanol), and an ethanol + ABG (ET+ABG) group (ethanol + 100\u2009mg\/kg of body weight ABG). ABG administration led to decreased epididymal and total fat pad (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;.05) and liver weights, ameliorated prominent fatty changes around the portal triad, and reduced fat accumulation in liver. ABG caused a significant decrease of the alcohol-induced increases in hepatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Cytochrome P450 2E1 activity was reduced by 55%, whereas the activities of glutathione\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                    -transferase and quinine reductase were increased by 1.5-fold (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;.05) and fourfold (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;.05), respectively, in the ET+ABG group compared with the ET group. ABG treatment significantly decreased the thiobarbituric acid\u2013reactive substances level in liver, heart, and plasma. Glutathione content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase in liver were significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the oxidative damage to blood lymphocyte DNA caused by chronic alcohol ingestion was significantly decreased in the ET+ABG group. In conclusion, ABG has strong antioxidative properties and may be a promising agent for protecting against chronic alcohol-induced liver damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.1454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,11]],"date-time":"2011-06-11T16:01:54Z","timestamp":1307808114000},"page":"732-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Hepatoprotective Effect of Aged Black Garlic on Chronic Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Min Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungnam National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungnam National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeung Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungnam National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jang Il","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungnam National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Hanny University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dai-Eun","family":"Sok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungnam National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mee Ree","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungnam National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03823.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0385-114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Garlic as a lipid lowering agent\u2014a meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Silagy C","year":"1994","unstructured":"Silagy C, , Neil A. Garlic as a lipid lowering agent\u2014a meta-analysis. Coll JR Physicians Lond, 1994; 28:39\u201345.","journal-title":"Coll JR Physicians Lond"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.3.955S"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-006-0017-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199606)10:4<340::AID-PTR831>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(99)80047-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Consequences of ethanol consumption","volume":"1","author":"Das SK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Das SK, , Nayak P, , Vasudevan DM. Consequences of ethanol consumption. J Indian Soc Toxicol, 2005; 1:1\u201310.","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2004.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2003.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90258-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769709084481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52055-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(84)90040-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.117.3052.710.b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hh0701.088684"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(87)90010-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20957"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1997.1780727.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008199"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(93)90206-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"3493","article-title":"Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by organosulfur compounds","volume":"53","author":"Reddy BS","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reddy BS, , Rao CV, , Rivenson A, , Kelloff G. Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by organosulfur compounds. Cancer Res, 1993; 53:3493\u20133498.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2007.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00510.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2008.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.4.712"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jmf.2010.1454","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2010.1454","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2010.1454","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:18:51Z","timestamp":1777645131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jmf.2010.1454"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jmf.2010.1454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jmf.2010.1454","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-620X","1557-7600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}}}