{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:36:13Z","timestamp":1777908973364,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"\n Enteromorpha linza<\/jats:italic>\n , a green alga, has been recognized as a potential source of natural antimicrobial and antifungal compounds. We previously reported that an\n E. linza<\/jats:italic>\n extract strongly inhibited the growth of\n Prevotella intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n . The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of a mouth rinse containing the\n E. linza<\/jats:italic>\n extract on gingivitis disease, as measured by the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP), and on two bacterial strains (\n P. intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n and\n P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n ), in comparison with Listerine\n \u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n (Listerine-Korea, Seoul, Korea), which was used as a positive control. In total, 55 subjects were recruited into active participation in this clinical study. The PI, GI, BOP, and bacterial strains were then evaluated over a test period of 6 weeks. After 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks, the same clinical indices were recorded, and the levels of\n P. intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n and\n P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n were quantified via real-time polymerase chain reaction. At the end of the study, the group using the mouth rinse containing the\n E. linza<\/jats:italic>\n extract evidenced significant reductions in the clinical indices (PI, GI, and BOP) and\n P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n compared with baseline values. Moreover,\n E. linza<\/jats:italic>\n extract containing mouth rinse produced effects similar to those of Listerine. Overall, these results indicate that a mouth rinse containing\n E. linza<\/jats:italic>\n extract significantly reduces plaque, improves the condition of gingival tissues, and reduces bleeding. Additionally,\n E. linza<\/jats:italic>\n extract mouth rinse significantly inhibits\n P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n P. intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n . Thus, this clinical study demonstrated that the twice-daily use of an\n E. linza<\/jats:italic>\n extract mouth rinse can inhibit and prevent gingivitis.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2011.1710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]],"date-time":"2011-12-06T10:26:00Z","timestamp":1323167160000},"page":"1670-1676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clinical and Microbial Evaluation of the Effects on Gingivitis of a Mouth Rinse Containing an\n Enteromorpha linza<\/i>\n Extract"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Han-Bin","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHA University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHA University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ok-Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kangwon National University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeon-Son","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers University","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Suk","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silla University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boo-Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHA University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Textbook of Clinical Periodontology","author":"Carlsson J","year":"1983","unstructured":"Carlsson J. 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