{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:38:20Z","timestamp":1777909100019,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The stembarks of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Harungana madagascariensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were analyzed for their content of chemical constituents, antinutrients, vitamin levels, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    antioxidant properties in two solvent systems. Phytochemical screening revealed higher levels of alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids in the methanolic (MHM) extract than in the dichloromethane (DCM) extract. The methanolic extract had higher contents of minerals, vitamins, and antinutrients except K, vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and phytic acid, respectively. Antioxidant potentials of the stembark extracts were assessed by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and ferric reducing power. The methanolic extract showed a better antioxidant activity (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    =87.66\u00b10.97\u2009\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL) in the DPPH system. The metal chelating activity was higher in the methanolic extract (92.4% at 20\u2009mg\/mL), but lower than the control ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The methanolic extract also showed greater ferric reducing power and was richer in phenolics (132.24\u00b10.61\u2009mgGAE\/g) and flavonoids (259.05\u00b12.85\u2009mgQE\/g). Antinutrient analysis of the extracts indicated low levels of phytic acid, oxalates, and hydrocyanides below the lethal doses. The LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    (i.p. mice) of the extracts showed relatively low toxicity in the range 1000\u20131414\u2009mg\/kg. These results support the ethnomedicinal uses of this plant in the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and suggest that consumption of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. madagascariensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is not harmful nutritively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2014.0084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T12:56:12Z","timestamp":1426683372000},"page":"609-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Nutrient Composition and\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Antioxidant Properties of\n                    <i>Harungana madagascariensis<\/i>\n                    Stembark Extracts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Bassey Sunday","family":"Antia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Uyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basil Nse","family":"Ita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Uyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwemedimo Emmanuel","family":"Udo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Uyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"549","article-title":"Evaluation of the estrogenic and antioxidant activity of some edible and medicinal plants","volume":"37","author":"Choi SY","year":"2005","unstructured":"Choi SY, , Lim SH, , Kim JS, , Ha TY, , Kim SR, , Kang KS, , Hwang IK: Evaluation of the estrogenic and antioxidant activity of some edible and medicinal plants. Korean J Food Sci Technol, 2005; 37:549\u2013556.","journal-title":"Korean J Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0112973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00207-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"130","volume-title":"Ethno Medicinal Uses of Plants in Nigeria","author":"Gill LS","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gill LS: Ethno Medicinal Uses of Plants in Nigeria. University of Benin Press, Benin, Nigeria, 1992, p. 130."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Medicinal Plants of Africa","author":"Kokwaro JO","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kokwaro JO: Medicinal Plants of Africa. East African Literature Bureau, Nairobi, Kenya, 1976; 51\u201354."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Useful Plants of Ghana","author":"Abbiv DK","year":"1990","unstructured":"Abbiv DK: Useful Plants of Ghana. Intermediate Technology Publications and the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, 1990, p. 52."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Medicinal uses of Harungana madagascariensis (Lam. Ex. Poir)","volume":"26","author":"Maikere-Fanniyo R","year":"1989","unstructured":"Maikere-Fanniyo R: Medicinal uses of Harungana madagascariensis (Lam. Ex. Poir). J Ethnopharmacol, 1989; 26:101\u2013109.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Plante Medicinales De Guinea","author":"Vasileva B","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vasileva B: Plante Medicinales De Guinea. Conakry, Republique De Guinea, 1990, p. 77."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(94)90041-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(95)00202-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np060556l"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Prenylated anthranoid antioxidants from the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis","volume":"66","author":"Kouam SF","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kouam SF, , Khan SN, , Krohn K, , Ngadjui BT, , Kapche DF, , Yapna DB, , Seema Z, , Moustafa A MY, , Choudhary MI: Prenylated anthranoid antioxidants from the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis. J Nat Prod, 2005; 66:1174\u20131179.","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1553-3840.1088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200903029316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.55.2007.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"171","article-title":"Antioxidant and modulatory effect of ethanolic extract of Madagascar harungana (Harungana madagascariensis) bark on cyclaphosphamide induced neurotoxicity in drugs","volume":"18","author":"Oboh G","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oboh G, , Akomolafe TL, , Adefagha SA, , Adetuyi AO: Antioxidant and modulatory effect of ethanolic extract of Madagascar harungana (Harungana madagascariensis) bark on cyclaphosphamide induced neurotoxicity in drugs. J Food Drug Anal, 2010; 18:171\u2013179.","journal-title":"J Food Drug Anal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-5570-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"882","volume-title":"Pharmacognosy","author":"Trease GE","year":"1989","unstructured":"Trease GE, , Evans WC: Pharmacognosy. Thirteenth Edition. Balliere Tindall, London, 1989, p. 882."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extracts of some homeostatic plants in Edo and Delta states of Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Obadoni BO","year":"2001","unstructured":"Obadoni BO, , Ochuko PO: Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extracts of some homeostatic plants in Edo and Delta states of Nigeria. Glob J Pure Appl Sci, 2001; 8b:203\u2013208.","journal-title":"Glob J Pure Appl Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Pearson's Chemical Analysis of Food","author":"Egan H","year":"1981","unstructured":"Egan H, , Kirk RS, , Sawyer R: Pearson's Chemical Analysis of Food. 8th Edn., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburg, United Kingdom, 1981, p. 24.","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4040009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"1980","unstructured":"AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 13th Ed. Washington DC, New York, 1980, p. 55.","edition":"13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0292694"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Formation of complexes between protein and tannin acid","volume":"1","author":"Van-Burden TP","year":"1981","unstructured":"Van-Burden TP, , Robinson WC: Formation of complexes between protein and tannin acid. J Agric Food Chem, 1981; 1:77\u201378.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01234480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Segregated Flow Analyzer for Analytical Process","author":"Scalar E","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scalar E: Segregated Flow Analyzer for Analytical Process. Laboratories, Netherland, 2000, pp. 45\u201361."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1811199a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"379","article-title":"An investigation into the mechanism of citrate-Fe2+-dependent lipid peroxidation","volume":"3","author":"Decker G","year":"1990","unstructured":"Decker G, , Welch D: An investigation into the mechanism of citrate-Fe2+-dependent lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med, 1990; 3:379\u2013387.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5264\/eiyogakuzashi.44.307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","volume-title":"Measurement of Total Phenolics and ABTS Assay for Antioxidant Activity","author":"Lister E","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lister E, , Wilson P: Measurement of Total Phenolics and ABTS Assay for Antioxidant Activity. Crop Research Institute, Lincoln, New Zealand, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"158","article-title":"Polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties of medlar (Mespilus germanica L)","volume":"5","author":"Gulcin I","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gulcin I, , Topal F, , Ozturk-Sarikaya SB, , Bursal E, , Goren AC, , Bilsel M: Polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties of medlar (Mespilus germanica L). Rec Nat Prod, 2011; 5:158\u2013175.","journal-title":"Rec Nat Prod"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"12","volume-title":"The Natural Guide to Medicinal Herbs and Plants","author":"Stray F","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stray F: The Natural Guide to Medicinal Herbs and Plants. Tiger Books International, London, 1998, pp. 12\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Extraction of blood glucose sugar lowering saponins from Beta vulgaris","volume":"20","author":"Mayasuki Y","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mayasuki Y, , Stoichi H: Extraction of blood glucose sugar lowering saponins from Beta vulgaris. Chem Abstr, 1997; 20:14\u201317.","journal-title":"Chem Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"The chemical and biological significance on saponins in food in feeding stuff","volume":"5","author":"Price KR","year":"1997","unstructured":"Price KR, , Johnson IT, , Frederick GR: The chemical and biological significance on saponins in food in feeding stuff. CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 1997; 5:56\u201359.","journal-title":"CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"The New Holistic Herbal","author":"David H","year":"1983","unstructured":"David H: The New Holistic Herbal. 3rd Edition. Findhorn press, USA, 1983, p. 241.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"335","article-title":"Antimicrobial assessment of ethanolic extract of Costus afer leaves","volume":"2","author":"Akpan MM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Akpan MM, , Odeomena CS, , Nwachukwu CN, , Danladi B: Antimicrobial assessment of ethanolic extract of Costus afer leaves. Asian J Plant Sci Res, 2012; 2:335\u2013341.","journal-title":"Asian J Plant Sci Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Oxalate in Nigeria vegetables","volume":"12","author":"Munro A","year":"1969","unstructured":"Munro A, , Bassir O: Oxalate in Nigeria vegetables. W A J Biol Appl Chem, 1969; 12:14\u201317.","journal-title":"W A J Biol Appl Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"589","volume-title":"Veterinary Medicine","author":"Blood DC","year":"1989","unstructured":"Blood DC, , Radostits OM: Veterinary Medicine. 7th edition, Balliere Tindall, London, 1989, p. 589.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2007.000-2262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","unstructured":"Claude B Paule S: The manual of natural living. 1st edition. Biddles Ltd. London 1979 98\u2013101."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"227","article-title":"Chemical estimation of some inorganic elements in selected fruits and vegetables","volume":"37","author":"Aremu CY","year":"1989","unstructured":"Aremu CY, , Udoessien EI: Chemical estimation of some inorganic elements in selected fruits and vegetables. Food Chem, 1989; 37:227\u2013234.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Lesson Note on Medical Importance of Trace Elements","author":"Gbolahan D","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gbolahan D: Lesson Note on Medical Importance of Trace Elements. Centre for Natural Health Studies, Surulere, Nigeria, 2001, p. 67."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2009.0098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2012.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11104080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/HEMIND100819004M"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2005.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Phenolic content, antioxidant potential and Aedes Aegyptii ecological friend larvicidal activity of some selected Egyptian plants","volume":"43","author":"El-Hela AA","year":"2013","unstructured":"El-Hela AA, , Abdel-Hady NM, , Dawoud TM, , Abdo MH, , Morsy TA: Phenolic content, antioxidant potential and Aedes Aegyptii ecological friend larvicidal activity of some selected Egyptian plants. J Egypt Soc Parasitol, 2013; 43:215\u2013234.","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jmf.2014.0084","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2014.0084","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2014.0084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:22:34Z","timestamp":1777645354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jmf.2014.0084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jmf.2014.0084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jmf.2014.0084","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-620X","1557-7600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}}}