{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:38:33Z","timestamp":1789641513476,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Silymarin (Si) is a herbal product with hepatoprotective potential, well-known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. We have recently demonstrated that the usual therapeutic doses of Si are capable of inhibiting the progression of incipient liver fibrosis. We aimed at further investigating the benefits of Si administration upon liver alterations after the hepatotoxin discontinuation, using CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    to induce liver injuries on rats. CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    administration induces first of all oxidative stress, but other mechanisms, such as inflammation and liver fibrosis are also triggered. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910). The control group received sunflower oil twice a week for 8 weeks. Carboxymethyl cellulose group received sunflower oil twice a week, for 8 weeks and CMC daily, for the next 2 weeks. CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    group received CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    in sunflower oil, by gavage, twice a week, for 8 weeks. CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009+\u2009Si 50 group received CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    twice a week, for 8 weeks, and then 50\u2009mg\/body weight (b.w.) Silymarin for the next 2 weeks. CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009+\u2009Si 200 group was similar to the previous group, but with Si 200\u2009mg\/b.w. Ten weeks after the experiment had begun, we assessed inflammation (IL-6, MAPK, NF-\u03baB, pNF-\u03baB), fibrosis (hyaluronic acid), TGF-\u03b21, MMP-9, markers of hepatic stellate cell activation (\u03b1-SMA expression), and proliferative capacity (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Our data showed that Silymarin administered after the toxic liver injury is capable of reducing inflammation and liver fibrosis. The benefits were more important for the higher dose than for the usual therapeutic dose.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2015.0104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T15:59:01Z","timestamp":1469116741000},"page":"789-797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Beneficial Effects of Silymarin After the Discontinuation of CCl\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    -Induced Liver Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Clichici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Olteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andras-Laszlo","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Oros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petru A.","family":"Mircea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy","place":["Romania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2013.0179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.27949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_06.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/APhysiol.98.2011.2.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.12.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10590500701569398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Non invasive assessment of liver fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Yeshua H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yeshua H, , Oren R: Non invasive assessment of liver fibrosis. 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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2007, pp. 395\u2013410."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2005.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01307524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"2455","article-title":"Silibinin inhibits tumor growth in a murine orthotopic hepatocarcinoma model and activates the TRAIL apoptotic signaling pathway","volume":"32","author":"Bousserouel S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bousserouel S, , Bour G, , Kauntz H, , Goss\u00e9 F, , Marescaux J, , Raul F: Silibinin inhibits tumor growth in a murine orthotopic hepatocarcinoma model and activates the TRAIL apoptotic signaling pathway. 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