{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T07:08:12Z","timestamp":1779433692683,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gastric ulcer is a common digestive disorder that results in considerable suffering. Hence, this digestive pathology has been the focus of a number of recent studies. Although numerous drugs have been developed to treat gastric ulcers, therapeutic approaches for many of the complications associated with these drugs remain to be identified. For this reason, many natural compounds have been explored as alternatives for these drugs. In this study, we have investigated the effectiveness of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Areca catechu<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf ethanol extract (ACE) for treating ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice. We performed histological as well as immunohistochemical examinations to explore the therapeutic properties of ACE. We also examined the levels of inflammatory signaling molecules to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of ACE. The histochemical data demonstrate that ACE can protect the mucosal epithelium as well as the vascular supply in the gastric tract. Furthermore, ACE significantly reduced the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B). Taken together, these data suggest that ACE administration may have the potential as an alternative treatment for gastric ulcer because of its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and ability to promote the rejuvenation and revascularization of the damaged gastric epithelium.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2015.3476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T16:25:09Z","timestamp":1446740709000},"page":"127-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Protective Effect of\n                    <i>Areca catechu<\/i>\n                    Leaf Ethanol Extract Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in ICR Mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kang Pa","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Konkuk University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguk University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giftania Wardani","family":"Sudjarwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Airlangga University","place":["Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Hyun","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguk University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Sik","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguk University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Rak","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Konkuk University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heeok","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Konkuk University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"591","volume-title":"Human Physiology from Cells to Systems","author":"Sherwood L","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sherwood L: Human Physiology from Cells to Systems, 5th ed. 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