{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:42:09Z","timestamp":1777909329457,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Urushiols are amphipathic compounds found in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhus verniciflua<\/jats:italic>\n                    Stokes that exhibit various biological activities. However, their practical use is very restricted due to their contact dermatitis-inducing property. Therefore, we applied the ionization method to remove the allergenic properties of the urushiols and to increase their usability. One of the natural urushiols, 3-pentadecylcatechol (PDC), was heated for 30\u2009min with a solution of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O and sodium carbonate (Na\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). The reaction product was analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Ionized PDC with an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">m\/z<\/jats:italic>\n                    value of 316.9 and complexed PDCs with Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    of 1\u2009\u2212\u20093 atoms with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">m\/z<\/jats:italic>\n                    values of 340.8, 365.2, and 380.8 were detected. PDC and ionized PDC (3\u2009\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    mol\/3\u2009mg of Vaseline) treatments were applied on the rear of left ear of Sprague-Dawley rats once daily for 10 days. Erythema and swelling were observed on the ear skin treated with PDC, but not in case of ionized PDC. Compared with control, contact hypersensitivity-related biomarkers (neutrophils, eosinophils, immunoglobulin E, and histamine) in the blood were significantly higher only in the PDC-treated group. In addition,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Il-1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Il-6<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tnf\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cox-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA expression levels were dramatically increased in the ear tissue of PDC-treated rats, but in the ionized PDC-treated group, they were similar to those in the control group. Overall, it was confirmed that the allergenic property of the urushiol PDC was removed by ionization. This method is expected to be useful for preventing allergy induction in cooking and food processing using\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. verniciflua<\/jats:italic>\n                    Stokes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.4510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T02:17:11Z","timestamp":1588904231000},"page":"793-801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ionization Neutralizes the Allergy-Inducing Property of 3-Pentadecylcatechol: A Urushiol Derivative"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hang Yeon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyoung Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Yong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hak","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2007.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.1994.021950533"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.2.199"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"227","article-title":"Antioxidative activity of urushiol derivatives from the sap of lacquer tree (Rhus vernicifera Stokes)","volume":"10","author":"Kim MJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kim MJ, , Choi YH, , Kim WG, , Kwak SS: Antioxidative activity of urushiol derivatives from the sap of lacquer tree (Rhus vernicifera Stokes). 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