{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:43:22Z","timestamp":1777909402252,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Even though nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not common worldwide, it is a major public health burden in endemic areas. Distant metastasis often leads to a poor prognosis for NPC; therefore, new and effective anticancer strategies are needed. Ginkgolic acid (GA) is small-molecule compound existing in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    that has various biologically relevant activities, including antitumor properties; however, its effects and mechanism of action in NPC are unknown. The effects of GA on NPC and such underlying mechanisms were investigated using 5\u20138F and CNE2 cells and NP69 human immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in this study. Moreover, the xenograft models were built to examine GA's effection\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . GA treatment decreased the survival and invasive capacity of 5\u20138F and CNE2 and induced their apoptosis, which varied with dose; this was accompanied by downregulation of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)2, upregulation of Bcl2-associated X protein, and activation of poly-ADP ribose polymerase, and caspase-9\/-3. G0\/G1 phase arrest was induced by GA in NPCs. It also reduced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 and its regulators cyclin D2 and cyclin D3. GA inhibited the activation of protein kinase B\/nuclear factor signaling; this effect was potentiated with GA and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which also enhanced 5-FU-induced apoptosis. In summary, GA may be effective as an adjuvant to conventional chemotherapy drugs in preventing the progression of NPC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2021.k.0059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T10:32:30Z","timestamp":1628764350000},"page":"806-816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ginkgolic Acid Suppresses Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Growth by Inducing Apoptosis and Inhibiting\n                    <i>AKT\/NF-\u03baB<\/i>\n                    Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anyuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qibing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuhai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5404-4186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zezhang","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"1355","article-title":"Undifferentiated, nonkeratinizing, and squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx variants of Epstein-Barr virus-infected neoplasia","volume":"146","author":"Pathmanathan R","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pathmanathan R, , Prasad U, , Chandrika G, et al.: Undifferentiated, nonkeratinizing, and squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx variants of Epstein-Barr virus-infected neoplasia. Am J Pathol, 1995; 146:1355\u20131367.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40880-016-0103-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30956-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000493459"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2018.0026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2018.0025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005082-200207000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-40454"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2662"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi001603q"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23604"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29328"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70010-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00703-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/239368"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(02)01154-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01099.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","first-page":"624","article-title":"Apoptotic effect of cisplatin and cordycepin on OC3 human oral cancer cells. Chin","volume":"20","author":"Chen Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen Y, , Hao LJ, , Hung C, , Chen J, , Leu S, , Huang B: Apoptotic effect of cisplatin and cordycepin on OC3 human oral cancer cells. Chin. J Integr Med, 2014; 20:624\u2013632.","journal-title":"J Integr Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","first-page":"12867","article-title":"MiR-217 inhibits apoptosis of atherosclerotic endothelial cells via the TLR4\/PI3K\/Akt\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"24","author":"Zhang B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang B, , Zhang YF, , Li R, et al.: MiR-217 inhibits apoptosis of atherosclerotic endothelial cells via the TLR4\/PI3K\/Akt\/NF-\u03baB pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020; 24:12867\u201312877.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines6020045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc780"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666160824162718"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5732\/cjc.010.10377"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000317750"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.883261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3663"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.138"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/369669a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.23.6637"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241338598"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209970"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25426"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2811"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0341-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21398"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81589-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00397-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802529200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109585"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5288.784"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/7410"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.113729"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.22182"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jmf.2021.K.0059","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2021.K.0059","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2021.K.0059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:29:55Z","timestamp":1777645795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jmf.2021.K.0059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jmf.2021.K.0059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jmf.2021.k.0059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-620X","1557-7600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}}}