{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:03:04Z","timestamp":1790118184331,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ginger contains zingerone, an active constituent possessing antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The present study was designed to explore the efficacy of the bioactive compound, zingerone, for treating behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Female Wistar rats were administered zingerone (25, 50, and 100\u2009mg\/kg p.o.) once daily for a period of 28 days while being exposed to CRS (6\u2009h\/day). Our results indicated that the stressed animals depicted depression-like behavior (reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility time) associated with increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) (cortex), decreased catalase (CAT) (hippocampus and cortex), and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (hippocampus and cortex). In addition, metabolic alterations were characterized by hyperglycemia and increased glycosylated hemoglobin in the CRS rats. However, no alterations were observed for learning and memory and in the levels of reduced glutathione. Repeated zingerone administration significantly reversed depression-like behavior elicited by CRS in rats. Furthermore, a significant antioxidant effect was exhibited by zingerone, as shown by decreased LPO and enhanced activity of SOD and CAT in chronically stressed rats. The findings of our study demonstrated that zingerone possesses protective actions against chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavioral, biochemical, and metabolic alterations and that its underlying mechanism may be attributed to its antioxidant properties. The results also signify its pharmacological and possible nutritional importance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2021.k.0141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T11:30:06Z","timestamp":1653996606000},"page":"576-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Protective Effects of Zingerone Against Depression-Like Behavior and Biochemical Changes in Chronic Stressed Rats: Antioxidant Effects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kumud","family":"Upadhyaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Nainital, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya Kumari","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Nainital, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansab","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Pilkhwal Sah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-CAS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00162-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee S Rhee DK: Effects of ginseng on stress-related depression anxiety and the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis J Ginseng Res 2017;41:589\u2013594.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2017.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"151","article-title":"The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in major depressive disorder: A brief primer for primary care physicians","volume":"3","author":"Varghese FP","year":"2001","unstructured":"Varghese FP, , Brown ES: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in major depressive disorder: A brief primer for primary care physicians. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry, 2001; 3:151\u2013155.","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","author":"Coluccia D","unstructured":"Coluccia D, , Wolf OT, , Kollias S, , Roozendaal B, , Forster A, , Dominique JF: Glucocorticoid therapy-induced memory deficits: Acute versus chronic effects. J Neurosci 2008,28:3474\u20133478.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2004.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2895-8_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4720"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.09.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.05.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone on repeated immobilization stress-induced oxidative stress in rats","volume":"5","author":"Alhamdan AA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alhamdan AA: Neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone on repeated immobilization stress-induced oxidative stress in rats. Asian J Med Sci, 2013; 5:83\u201391.","journal-title":"Asian J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.02.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570163815666180219115453"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.199414"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.42391"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-11-130"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1998.275.3.R788"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/816364"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-013-9801-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2007.0660"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22403"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2015041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108486"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2474831"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","first-page":"548","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of zingerone against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced brain mitochondrial toxicity in Swiss albino mice","volume":"10","author":"Alam MF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alam MF: Neuroprotective effects of zingerone against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced brain mitochondrial toxicity in Swiss albino mice. J Appl Nat Sci, 2018; 10:548\u2013552.","journal-title":"J Appl Nat Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.11.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00187257"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","first-page":"327","article-title":"Behavioral despair in mice: A primary screening test for antidepressants","volume":"229","author":"Porsolt R","year":"1977","unstructured":"Porsolt R, , Bertin A, , Jalfre M: Behavioral despair in mice: A primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 1977; 229:327\u2013336.","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","first-page":"212","article-title":"Action of caffeine on the spontaneous motility of the mouse [in French]","volume":"158","author":"Boissier J","year":"1965","unstructured":"Boissier J, , Simon P: Action of caffeine on the spontaneous motility of the mouse [in French]. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 1965:158:212\u2013221.","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.11.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(84)90007-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(65)90118-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research","author":"Claiborne A","unstructured":"Claiborne A: Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research (Greenwald R, ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1985, pp. 283\u2013284."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(78)90479-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2019.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","unstructured":"American Psychological Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Washington, DC, American Psychological Association, 2015. (APA 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.129316"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.07.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-021-00252-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(88)90107-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312118773953"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.174798"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007592022575"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-2606-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2007.130"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02950-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7427(02)00018-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","author":"Naninck EF","unstructured":"Naninck EF, , Hoeijmakers L, , Kakava-Georgiadou N, et al.: Chronic early life stress alters developmental and adult neurogenesis and impairs cognitive function in mice. Hippocampus 2015;25,309\u2013328.","journal-title":"et al"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.12.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2010.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-004-9691-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2019.52.4.175"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2019.1637436"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.01.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.177703"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jmf.2021.K.0141","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2021.K.0141","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2021.K.0141","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T21:26:51Z","timestamp":1781558811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jmf.2021.K.0141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jmf.2021.K.0141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jmf.2021.k.0141","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-620X","1557-7600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]}}}