{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:38:34Z","timestamp":1793014714769,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Drinking tea is an important cultural and sensory activity in modern society. However, tea consumption may influence biological functions because of its high polyphenol and methylxanthine content. Theophylline is a methylxanthine that plays a significant role in respiratory physiology and is used clinically as a bronchodilator. In this study, we assessed the pharmacological safety of theophylline by investigating its effects on the respiratory responses of experimental rodents. Six-week-old male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were intravenously administered 0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg\/kg theophylline. After systemic theophylline exposure, the respiratory rate, tidal volume, and minute volume were monitored and statistically analyzed. There was a significant increase in respiratory rate and minute volume with no change in tidal volume at theophylline doses of &gt;5 mg\/kg. Changes in respiratory rate and minute volume peaked at 0.25 h after exposure; the respiratory rate increased by 58.2% and 88.9%, and the minute volume increased by 50.5% and 72.8% with the 5 and 10 mg\/kg doses, respectively, compared with the vehicle control. These results provide fundamental scientific data that can be used in clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2024.k.0275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T02:58:56Z","timestamp":1738724336000},"page":"508-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pharmacological Evaluation of Respiratory Safety Following a Single Intravenous Administration of Theophylline in Sprague\u2013Dawley Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sung-Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea."},{"name":"Safety Evaluation Team, CentralBio Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minseo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miae","family":"Doo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5282-531X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Heun","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea."},{"name":"Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1427665"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1698S"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-008-8022-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040929"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD015462.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.061002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. The global strategy for diagnosis management and prevention of COPD. 2010. Available from: http:\/\/www.goldcopd.org\/uploads\/users\/files\/GOLDReportApril112011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0388PP"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/8176.4869"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.132556899"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.10.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1635-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20409-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","volume-title":"Theophylline toxicity","author":"Journey JD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Journey JD, , Bentley TP. Theophylline toxicity. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197506052922305"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976193"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","first-page":"36791","article-title":"Safety pharmacology studies for human pharmaceuticals","volume":"66","author":"ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline (S7A)","year":"2001","unstructured":"ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline (S7A). Safety pharmacology studies for human pharmaceuticals. Fed Regist, 2001; 66:36791\u201336792.","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2022.K.0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126384"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1155436"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3125\/4\/phyto.2014.3510"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2024.K.0038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2023.28.4.514"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2023.K.0264"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2024.k.0229"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03602538308991392"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483x(93)90064-y"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medicinal Food"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jmf.2024.k.0275","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2024.k.0275","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jmf.2024.k.0275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:32:36Z","timestamp":1777645956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jmf.2024.k.0275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jmf.2024.k.0275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jmf.2024.k.0275","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-620X","1557-7600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-620X","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}