{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:48:15Z","timestamp":1777909695913,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,9]],"date-time":"2012-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to evaluate by serial measurements, pupil mydriasis produced by topical application of tropicamide 1% using a spray in a closed eye or instillation in an open eye in adult and elderly populations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The research was done from February to April of 2011 in the Policlinica Ronaldo Gazolla, located in the Arcos da Lapa Campus of Estacio de S\u00e1 University, RJ- Brazil. It was a clinical trial, controlled and randomized, made in a series of 50 patients that were being prepared for ophthalmoscopy examination. They were submitted to eye drop administration of 1% tropicamide in an open eye and to eyelid margin vaporization in a closed eye. The eyes were chosen for the administration of drops or spray according to a pseudo-random numbers table from Excel (2007) before application. The pupil diameter was measured before instillation and after 10, 20, and 30\u2009min in both eyes, with a millimeter ruler. Biostat 5.0 software was used for statistical calculations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Tropicamide 1% was vaporized in a group that presented the following average pupil diameters: 3\u2009mm before the application; 4.16\u2009mm in 10\u2009min; 5\u2009mm in 20\u2009min; and 5.35\u2009mm in 30\u2009min. The group in which tropicamide 1% was instilled presented 2.96\u2009mm of average pupil diameter before the application; 4.22\u2009mm at 10\u2009min; 5.02\u2009mm at 20\u2009min; and 5.44 at 30\u2009min. The two way analysis of variance showed\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.0001, and the Tukey test performed for comparisons among the groups showed statistical significant differences among all groups except when the measurements were done at the same time.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The vaporized tropicamide 1% mydriatic effect in closed eyes was clinically equivalent to the instillation effect of eye drop in open eyes. Other mydriatic drugs sprayed in closed eyes may not have the same effect.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2011.0253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,9]],"date-time":"2012-07-09T14:23:00Z","timestamp":1341843780000},"page":"632-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Tropicamide 1% Mydriatic Effect: Comparison Between Spray in Closed Eyes and Eye Drops in Open Eyes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Arlindo Jos\u00e9 Freire","family":"Portes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Estacio de S\u00e1 University","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annamaria Ciminelli","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estacio de S\u00e1 University","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Laport","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estacio de S\u00e1 University","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Antunes","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estacio de S\u00e1 University","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel Sim\u00f5es","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estacio de S\u00e1 University","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2007.01155.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492003000700023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Pupil dilation and driving: guidelines for ophthalmic nurses and technicians","volume":"30","author":"Kirkwood B.J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kirkwood B.J., , Kirkwood L.A. Pupil dilation and driving: guidelines for ophthalmic nurses and technicians. Insight, 30:22. 2005.","journal-title":"Insight"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"617","article-title":"Efficacy of a pediatric cycloplegic Administered as a spray","volume":"64","author":"Bartlett J.D.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bartlett J.D., , Wesson M.D., , Swiatocha J., , Woolley T. Efficacy of a pediatric cycloplegic Administered as a spray. J. Am. Optom. Assoc., 64:617\u2013621. 1993.","journal-title":"J. Am. Optom. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(82)90081-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020030114010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Wasteful use of eye drops for glaucoma patients","volume":"60","author":"Vaidergorn P.G.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vaidergorn P.G., , Junior Susanna R., , Leal B.C., , Villela F.F. Wasteful use of eye drops for glaucoma patients. Rev. Bras. Oftalmol., 60:271\u2013276. 2001.","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Oftalmol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492005000100014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Mydriatic effect of tropicamide 1%: eye drop x vaporization","volume":"65","author":"Tavares M.O.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tavares M.O., , Portes A.J.F. Mydriatic effect of tropicamide 1%: eye drop x vaporization. Rev. Bras. Oftalmol., 65:7\u201312. 2006.","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. 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