{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1790262067625,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,20]],"date-time":"2014-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,20]],"date-time":"2014-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX implant, Ozurdex\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; Allergan, Inc.) is used to treat noninfectious posterior uveitis and macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion and diabetic retinopathy. Two recently published reports of DEX implant fragmentation shortly after injection have raised concerns about the potential for faster implant dissolution and elevated ocular dexamethasone concentrations. This study compared the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      release profile and pharmacokinetic behavior of intact and fragmented DEX implants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DEX implant was surgically implanted as a single unit or fragmented into 3 pieces in the posterior segment of opposing eyes of 36 New Zealand white rabbits. The release of dexamethasone over time from 1-piece and 3-piece fragmented implants dissolved in solution\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      was compared with that from the 1-piece and 3-piece fragmented implants placed in the rabbit eyes. In addition, dexamethasone concentrations in the vitreous and aqueous humors of each eye were measured at 3\u2009h and days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry were used for assays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dexamethasone release from the 1-piece and 3-piece DEX implants\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      was not different and was consistent with the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      release pattern. Moreover, the concentration profile of dexamethasone in the vitreous and aqueous humors was similar for the 1-piece and 3-piece DEX implants at each time point measured.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DEX implant fragmentation neither accelerated its dissolution nor increased the dexamethasone concentration delivered at a given time. Accordingly, DEX implant fragmentation is unlikely to have clinically significant effects in patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2014.0082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,20]],"date-time":"2014-11-20T14:23:13Z","timestamp":1416493393000},"page":"854-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Comparison of the Release Profile and Pharmacokinetics of Intact and Fragmented Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implants in Rabbit Eyes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Rahul","family":"Bhagat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergan, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oculex, Sunnyvale, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidiq","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oculex, Sunnyvale, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergan, Inc."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"438412","article-title":"Inflammation in retinal vein occlusion","volume":"2013","author":"Deobhakta A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deobhakta A., , and Chang L.K. Inflammation in retinal vein occlusion. Int. J. Inflam., 2013:438412, 2013.","journal-title":"Int. J. Inflam."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ecp.12.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"1613","article-title":"Dexamethasone intravitreal implant for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis","volume":"5","author":"Hunter R.S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hunter R.S., , and Lobo A.M. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis. Clin. Ophthalmol., 5:1613\u20131621, 2011.","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Allergan Inc. Ozurdex (dexamethasone intravitreal implant) prescribing information. Available at www.allergan.com\/assets\/pdf\/ozurdex_pi.pdf (last accessed April25 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Clinical applications of the sustained-release dexamethasone implant for treatment of macular edema","volume":"5","author":"Herrero-Vanrell R.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herrero-Vanrell R., , Cardillo J.A., , and Kuppermann B.D. Clinical applications of the sustained-release dexamethasone implant for treatment of macular edema. Clin. Ophthalmol., 5:139\u2013146, 2011.","journal-title":"Clin. 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Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"1423","article-title":"Treatment of noninfectious posterior uveitis with dexamethasone intravitreal implant","volume":"4","author":"Myung J.S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Myung J.S., , Aaker G.D., , and Kiss S. Treatment of noninfectious posterior uveitis with dexamethasone intravitreal implant. Clin. Ophthalmol., 4:1423\u20131426, 2010.","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Allergan Inc. Ozurdex (dexamethasone intravitreal implant) 0.7. Available at www.allergan.com\/products\/eye_care\/ozurdex.htm. (Last accessed April25 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Annual report pursuant to section13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (for Allergan Inc.). Available at www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/data\/850693\/000085069312000003\/agn10-k.htm. 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