{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:50:25Z","timestamp":1777909825246,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study compared the effects of 3 antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept) on corneal epithelial cell viability and wound healing using human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the cytotoxic effects of anti-VEGF agents on HCECs, HCEC viability was determined at various concentrations of these agents. An\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      migration assay was used to investigate the migration of HCECs treated with 3 anti-VEGF agents. The protein level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase was used to evaluate the effect of anti-VEGF treatment on cell proliferation. The protein levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were analyzed by Western blotting to investigate cell migration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 24 or 48\u2009h of exposure, aflibercept treatment showed no apparent effect on cell viability; however, bevacizumab and ranibizumab treatment decreased cell viability at high concentrations (1 and 2\u2009mg\/mL). A migration assay showed that HCEC migration was different among the 3 anti-VEGF treatment groups. Bevacizumab significantly delayed HCEC migration. Western blotting showed that bevacizumab treatment decreased the expression levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bevacizumab, the most widely used and investigated anti-VEGF agent, decreased epithelial cell migration and viability. Anti-VEGF agents other than bevacizumab might therefore be better for treating corneal neovascularization complicated with epithelial defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2016.0094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T10:04:33Z","timestamp":1478685873000},"page":"671-676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Differential Effects of Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, and Aflibercept on the Viability and Wound Healing of Corneal Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Seungbum","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunsu","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Rae","family":"Rho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"},{"name":"The Catholic University of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.107912"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0587-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.12-4-443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4937"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2012.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02525.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182775f8d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182542613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"614","article-title":"An SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line and its characterization","volume":"36","author":"Araki-Sasaki K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Araki-Sasaki K., , Ohashi Y., , Sasabe T., , Hayashi K., , Watanabe H., , Tano Y., , and Handa H. 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