{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:51:16Z","timestamp":1777909876054,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a novel preservative-free lid wipe formulation containing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>\n                      gel and hyaluronic acid that is commercialized for the hygiene of the periocular area.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      susceptibility testing of the solution contained in wipes against bacteria and fungi commonly colonizing the periocular area, both reference strains and multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates, was assessed following the CLSI M07-A9 and M27-A3 broth methods, respectively. The solution was 2-fold serially diluted in broth from 25\u2009\u03bcL (25% v\/v) to 0.012\u2009\u03bcL (0.012% v\/v) in microtiter plates. Plates were incubated and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were read visually. The antimicrobial effectiveness test was performed by inoculating the wipe solution with microbial suspensions at the initial concentration of 10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u201310\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      CFU\/mL, as recommended by the international Pharmacopoeias. At different time intervals, samples were tested for microbial count.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The MIC value of the solution ranged from 25% to 12.5% for bacteria and was 6.25% for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The MIC for MDR isolates was 12.5%. By assessing antimicrobial effectiveness, we found that the solution meets the criteria reported by the European Pharmacopoeia and United States Pharmacopeia for its preservative effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that the novel wipes herein tested possess antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast commonly found in the periocular area, and against MDR clinical isolates. The microbial death curves obtained following deliberate contamination of the wipe solution revealed potent bactericidal and fungicidal activity of the formulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2018.0011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T11:31:24Z","timestamp":1533900684000},"page":"579-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antimicrobial Activity of a New\n                    <i>Aloe Vera<\/i>\n                    Formulation for the Hygiene of the Periocular Area"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Vecchione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Celandroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Lupetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Favuzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Mencucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Ghelardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2016.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.108420"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-2858-3-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2014.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.162118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"639806","article-title":"Aloe vera gel: effective therapeutic agent against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from burn wound infections","volume":"2015","author":"Goudarzi M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goudarzi M., , Fazeli M., , Azad M., , Seyedjavadi S.S., , and Mousavi R. 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