{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:19:38Z","timestamp":1791487178564,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Polyenes and azoles constitute 2 major drug classes in the antifungal armamentarium used to treat fungal infections of the eye such as fungal keratitis, endophthalmitis, conjunctivitis, and blepharitis. These classes of drugs have come to occupy an important niche in ophthalmic antifungal therapy due to their broad spectrum of activity against a variety of filamentous and yeast-like fungi. Natamycin suspension (Natacyn\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), a polyene antifungal drug, is currently the only US FDA-approved formulation for treating ophthalmic fungal infections, whereas the other polyene and azole antifungals such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole are routinely used off-label in the clinical setting. Despite potent antifungal activity, the clinical utility of these agents in ophthalmic infections has been challenged by their physicochemical properties, the unique ocular anatomy and physiology, selective antifungal activity, ocular and systemic toxicity, emergence of resistance and cross-resistance, and absence of reliable techniques for developing a robust\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro-in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    correlation. This review discusses the aforementioned challenges and the common approaches undertaken to circumnavigate the difficulties associated with the polyene- and azole-based pharmacotherapy of ophthalmic fungal infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2018.0089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T15:24:14Z","timestamp":1543332254000},"page":"6-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Challenges in the Polyene- and Azole-Based Pharmacotherapy of Ocular Fungal Infections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Prit","family":"Lakhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi."},{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi."},{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumyajit","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi."},{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"CDC. Fungal Diseases. 2014. www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/diseases\/index.html. Accessed September9 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Estimated Burden of Keratitis\u2014United States, 2010","volume":"63","author":"Collier S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Collier S., , Gronostaj M., , MacGurn A., , Cope J., , Yoder J., , and Beach M. Estimated Burden of Keratitis\u2014United States, 2010. MMWR. 63:1027\u20131030, 2014.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2018.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Second International Conference on Robotics and Machine Vision","author":"Noor S.S.M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noor S.S.M., , Michael K., , Marshall S., , and Ren J. Spatial and spectral analysis of corneal epithelium injury using hyperspectral images. In: Second International Conference on Robotics and Machine Vision: Bellingham, WA: SPIE; 2017; p. 11."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/nje.v7i2.17975"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19011085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2016.0186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-008-7357-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328010851d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S1554"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.5.614"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504492"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1063858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.3.657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhanced ocular bioavailability of fluconazole from niosomal gels and microemulsions: formulation, optimization, and in vitro-in vivo evaluation","author":"Soliman O.A.E.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soliman O.A.E., , Mohamed E.A., , and Khatera N.A.A. Enhanced ocular bioavailability of fluconazole from niosomal gels and microemulsions: formulation, optimization, and in vitro-in vivo evaluation. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 1\u201315, 2017.","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki473"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"The role of topical antifungal therapy for onychomycosis and the emergence of newer agents","volume":"7","author":"Del Rosso J.Q.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Del Rosso J.Q. The role of topical antifungal therapy for onychomycosis and the emergence of newer agents. J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol. 7:10\u201318, 2014.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"561","article-title":"Overview of treatment options for invasive fungal infections","volume":"49","author":"Pound M.W.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pound M.W., , Townsend M.L., , Dimondi V., , Wilson D., , and Drew R.H. Overview of treatment options for invasive fungal infections. Med. Mycol. 49:561\u2013580, 2011.","journal-title":"Med. Mycol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200405060-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","volume-title":"Medical Microbiology","author":"Dixon D.M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dixon D.M., , and Walsh T.J. Antifungal agents. In: Baron S., eds. Medical Microbiology. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Microbiology; 1996."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2017.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.37.3.166-196.1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(88)90168-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00270-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpc.2008.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists","author":"Connors K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Connors K., , Amidon G., , and Stella V. and Amphotericin B. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists. New York: Wiley; 1986; p. 193\u2013196."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/an9760100321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"190","volume-title":"Wilson and Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry","author":"Beale J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Beale J. Anti-infective agents. In: Beale J., , Block J., eds. Wilson and Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. The People's Republic of China: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011; p. 190\u2013205."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"1158","volume-title":"Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry","author":"Griffith R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Griffith R. Antifungal agents. In: Lemke T., , Williams D., , Roche V., , Zito W., eds. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. China: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013; p. 1158\u20131174."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.3.956-964.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2012.01667.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2007.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000142334"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2003.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25304-6_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04165.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.69.1.247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-04-0186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.18.032202.114809"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e07-03-0205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(01)00028-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.107.4.1369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","first-page":"325","article-title":"The mode of action of polyene antibiotics; induced potassium leakage in Candida albicans","volume":"81","author":"Hammond S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hammond S., , Lambert P., , and Kliger B. The mode of action of polyene antibiotics; induced potassium leakage in Candida albicans. J. Gen. Microbiol. 81:325\u2013333, 1974.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117280109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/204777312X13419245939566"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2660475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2254-2260.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2609-2612.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.5.1104-1107.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of natamycin 5% suspension against Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, and Candida parasilopsis","volume":"29","author":"Salvosa F.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Salvosa F., , Cubillan L., , and Nievera L. In vitro evaluation of natamycin 5% suspension against Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, and Candida parasilopsis. Philipp. J. Ophthalmol. 29:26\u201328, 2004.","journal-title":"Philipp. J. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.12.3946-3951.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.1.139-143.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1593087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv421"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.7.1601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.2.314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b13787-143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.6.1734-1736.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.suppl_1.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","volume-title":"Havener's Ocular Pharmacology","author":"Mauger T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mauger T., , and Craig E. Antimicrobials. Havener's Ocular Pharmacology. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby; 1994."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"[Species-specific differences in Rhodamine 6G accumulation of Candida isolates detected by flow cytometric analysis]","volume":"29","author":"Moon C.J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moon C.J., , Shin J.H., , Kim D.W., et al. [Species-specific differences in Rhodamine 6G accumulation of Candida isolates detected by flow cytometric analysis]. Korean J. Lab. Med. 29:127\u2013134, 2009.","journal-title":"Korean J. Lab. Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Susceptibility of clinical Candida species isolates to antifungal agents by E-test, Southern Iran: a five year study","volume":"3","author":"Badiee P.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Badiee P., , and Alborzi A. Susceptibility of clinical Candida species isolates to antifungal agents by E-test, Southern Iran: a five year study. Iran. J. Microbiol. 3:183\u2013188, 2011.","journal-title":"Iran. J. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.10.2862-2864.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00163-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.512-517.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(99)70269-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof3020019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/39.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00452-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.20.5.688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15064129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","unstructured":"McGinnis M. Dimorphic fungi antifungal agents and phylogenetics. In: 6th Congress of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology Societies Conference. 2000. www.aspergillus.org.uk\/content\/dimorphic-fungi-antifungal-agents-and-phylogenetics. Accessed September10 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.18.1.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.1.76"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.12.2835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-143-2-405"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(96)01360-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.11.2932"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.4.730-797.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2008.0031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2010.525230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","first-page":"132","article-title":"Antifungals in eye infections: drugs and routes of administration","volume":"72","author":"M\u00fcller G.","year":"2013","unstructured":"M\u00fcller G., , Kara-Jos\u00e9 N., , and de Castro R. Antifungals in eye infections: drugs and routes of administration. Rev. Bras. Oftalmol. 72:132\u2013141, 2013.","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Oftalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2017-0088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1877912311202020082"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2012.0200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200043335342"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000310884"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-375-2_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47691-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S91730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S57565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"The blood-aqueous barrier","volume":"105","author":"Bill A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bill A. The blood-aqueous barrier. Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. U. K. 105:149\u2013155, 1986.","journal-title":"Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. U. K"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(79)90158-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.3.2.275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199018040-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1997.13.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","unstructured":"de Juan E. Boyd S. Reich C. Rapacki A. Gifford H. and Deem M. Nasolacrimal drainage system implants for drug therapy. Google Patents; 2014. https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US8747884. Accessed October23 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR00922D"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-05714-1.00004-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(11)70022-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012370585-3.50004-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200005000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-013-0150-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199711000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930011081019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_2","unstructured":"[USFDA] United States Food and Drug Administration. AmBisome Product Information hwac. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2012\/050740s021lbl.pdf. Accessed October23 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.70.9.657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-1003-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2013.847961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(73)90753-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00150975"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00762-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-010-9183-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3719-3723.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(94)90106-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.7.1616-1622.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5938-5939.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.67072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_132_2","first-page":"701653","article-title":"Effectiveness of posaconazole in recalcitrant fungal keratitis resistant to conventional antifungal drugs","volume":"2014","author":"Altun A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Altun A., , Kurna S.A., , Sengor T., et al. Effectiveness of posaconazole in recalcitrant fungal keratitis resistant to conventional antifungal drugs. Case Rep. Ophthalmol. Med. 2014:701653, 2014.","journal-title":"Case Rep. Ophthalmol. Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.10.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.185592"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(96)04473-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(85)90791-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_137_2","first-page":"711","article-title":"Reduced toxicity of liposome-associated amphotericin B injected intravitreally in rabbits","volume":"26","author":"Tremblay C.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tremblay C., , Barza M., , Szoka F., , Lahav M., , and Baum J. Reduced toxicity of liposome-associated amphotericin B injected intravitreally in rabbits. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26:711\u2013718, 1985.","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2010.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.07.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.04.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2017.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf030332y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2016.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2016.1247928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.08.088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32832-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17458080.2013.822108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10837450.2014.882935"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2016.1185437"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201810666131224105205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04545-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.4.3.306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2010.0005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jop.2018.0089","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jop.2018.0089","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jop.2018.0089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:42:46Z","timestamp":1777646566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jop.2018.0089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]},"references-count":161,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jop.2018.0089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jop.2018.0089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-7683","1557-7732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-7683","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]}}}