{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:51:33Z","timestamp":1777909893831,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Povidone-iodine (P-I) is being touted as a topical antiviral treatment for eye infections caused by adenovirus (Ad). This study evaluated the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      antiviral activity of the several P-I concentrations previously used in clinical studies against multiple ocular Ad types commonly associated with eye infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The antiviral activity of four concentrations of P-I was compared to vehicle for seven types of Ad after incubating the P-I with Ad at 33\u00b0C for various lengths of time. Following incubation and neutralization of the P-I with sodium thiosulfate, viral titers were determined for each Ad type and time point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Virucidal (99.9%, \u22653-Log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) reductions in titers were produced for 5%, 2%, and 0.4% P-I at 1\u2009min for types Ad5 and Ad7a. Similar reductions were produced at 5\u2009min for types Ad3, Ad4, and Ad8. For type Ad19\/64, virucidal reductions took 60\u2009min for 5% P-I and 15\u2009min for 2% and 0.4%. For type Ad37, 60\u2009min (5%), 15\u2009min (2%), and 5\u2009min (0.4%) were required to produce virucidal reductions. There were no virucidal reductions in titers produced by 0.001% P-I.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      P-I produced greater than 3-Log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      reductions of titers at 1\u20135\u2009min for most of the ocular types tested (types Ad3, Ad4, Ad5, Ad7a, and Ad8). However, it took longer (15\u201360\u2009min) for these reductions to be produced for types Ad19\/64 and Ad37. The antiviral activity of P-I may be Ad type dependent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2018.0122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T13:53:24Z","timestamp":1545918804000},"page":"132-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Evaluation of Povidone-Iodine Against Multiple Ocular Adenoviral Types"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Yates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.Q.","family":"Shanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regis P.","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric G.","family":"Romanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1950.tb31942.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation","author":"Gottardi W","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gottardi W. Iodine and iodine compounds. In: Block S.S., ed. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000; p. 159\u2013204."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470015535"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Application of broad spectrum antiseptic povidone iodine as powerful action: a review","volume":"1","author":"Jayaraja K.K.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jayaraja K.K., , Jayachandran E., , and Hemanth K.R.C. Application of broad spectrum antiseptic povidone iodine as powerful action: a review. J. Pharm. Sci. Tech. 1:48\u201358, 2009.","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci. Tech"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000246024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5866\/3.3.617"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-926633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.4.1419-1424.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2011.0082"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-009-0062-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"877","volume-title":"Ocular Infection and Immunity","author":"Gordon J.S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gordon J.S., , Aoki K., , and Kinchington P.R. Adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis. In: Pepose J.S., , Holland G.N., , Wilhelmus K.R., eds. Ocular Infection and Immunity. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 1996; p. 877\u2013894."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"532","article-title":"Multiple adenoviral serotypes demonstrate host range extension in the New Zealand rabbit ocular model","volume":"39","author":"Romanowski E.G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Romanowski E.G., , Araullo-Cruz T., , and Gordon Y.J. Multiple adenoviral serotypes demonstrate host range extension in the New Zealand rabbit ocular model. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39:532\u2013536, 1998.","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"4135","article-title":"Topical HPMPC inhibits adenovirus type 5 in the New Zealand rabbit ocular replication model","volume":"35","author":"Gordon Y.J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gordon Y.J., , Romanowski E.G., , and Araullo-Cruz T. Topical HPMPC inhibits adenovirus type 5 in the New Zealand rabbit ocular replication model. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35:4135\u20134143, 1994.","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. 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