{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:52:03Z","timestamp":1777909923401,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Age-related macular degeneration leads to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell death and loss of central vision.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies have shown that the RPE layer has an innate, but limited, ability to repopulate atrophic areas. We aimed to establish a semiautomated,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , wound healing assay workflow for targeted screening of compounds able to influence RPE wound healing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ARPE-19 phenotype was evaluated using bright-field microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. ARPE-19 monolayers were simultaneously scratched in a 96-well format and treated with Hoechst-33342 and an array of compounds. Initial wound dimensions and wound healing were subsequently evaluated using the EVOS FL Auto 2.0 imaging platform combined with automated image analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Long-term cultured ARPE-19 cells displayed a more\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      RPE-like phenotype compared with recently seeded or short-term cultured cells. No statistical difference of initial scratch width was observed between short-term and long-term cultured cells, but more wells were excluded from analyses in total in the latter case due to scratch width, scratch smoothness, and imaging errors. Furthermore, the previous time spent in continuous culture had an effect on the observation of an altered wound healing response to different treatment conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We have established a semiautomated, 96-well format,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      wound healing assay with a reproducible workflow. This would enable screening of a significant number of compounds and greatly advances the potential of identifying novel therapeutics that may enhance the innate ability of RPE cells to repopulate atrophic areas.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2019.0116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T11:03:16Z","timestamp":1580986996000},"page":"257-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Semiautomated, Phenotypic,\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Scratch Assay for Assessing Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Wound Healing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Storm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arantxa","family":"Bolinches-Amor\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela J.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen G.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alun R.","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"MacLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.173134"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0282"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007939"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2017.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ib20154b"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.36224"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/MN:28:2:177"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","first-page":"481","article-title":"Retinal pigment epithelium wound closure in vitro. 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