{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:52:06Z","timestamp":1777909926513,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Formulation of new drug delivery system as Natamycin (NT)-loaded nanoparticle niosomal formulae mixed in different polymer gel, with the addition of ketorolac tromethamine (KETR). Pharmaceutical and experimental assessments to evaluate their safety and efficacy in treating Aspergillus keratitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NT nanoparticle niosomes prepared by reverse-phase evaporation technique were mixed in different polymers, with the addition of KETR. Two formulae are evaluated in this study: F1 [NT-loaded nanoparticle niosomes\/0.5% KETR 4% carboxymethyl cellulose (Na.CMC) gel], F2 [NT-loaded nanoparticle niosomes\/0.5% KETR 2% hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)-E4 gel], and mixed marketed products (MMP), namely Natamet\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      and Ketoroline\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      suspension eye drops. NT-loaded nanoparticle niosomes\/0.5% KETR were evaluated through viscosity determination, mucoadhesive attractive force, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      NT release studies. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      antifungal evaluation was performed on 45 albino rabbits, Aspergillus species were inoculated in right corneas of all rabbits, and then rabbits were subdivided into 3 groups, 15 rabbits each: Group A: received F1, Group B: received F2, and Group C: received MMP. Daily examination of rabbits was performed for evaluation of corneal infiltration, and signs of iritis. Two weeks later, rabbits were euthanized; their corneas were dissected at the limbus and sent for histopathological evaluation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>F1 had a higher viscosity and more mucoadhesive power than F2, and showed better results on corneal infiltration, and level of hypopyon. These results were consistent with the histopathological examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The formula of NT-loaded nanoparticle niosomes\/0.5% KT 4%\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/Na.CMC\">Na.CMC<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      gel has the best results from all pharmaceutical\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      evaluations and a better cure percent in experimental application.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2019.0128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T16:04:03Z","timestamp":1588349043000},"page":"545-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Niosomes: Do They Increase the Potency of Topical Natamycin Ketorolac Formula in Treating Aspergillus Keratitis? An Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Hala Mohammed","family":"El-Mofty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"El-Nabarawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randa Tag","family":"Abd El Rehem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud H.","family":"Teaima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Y.S.","family":"Abary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy M.","family":"Lotfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"597","article-title":"Natamycin in the treatment of fungal keratitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Qiu S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qiu S., , Zhao G.Q., , Lin J., et al. 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