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In addition, a large number of orphan inherited (mostly monogenic) conditions, such as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber Congenital Amaurosis, add to the overall number of patients with blinding retinal degenerative diseases. Blindness caused by deterioration and loss of retina is so far incurable. Modern biomedical research leveraging molecular and regenerative medicine approaches had a number of groundbreaking discoveries and proof-of-principle treatments of blindness in animals. However, these methods are slow to be standardized and commercialized as therapies to benefit people losing their eyesight due to retinal degenerative conditions. In this review, we will outline major regenerative medicine approaches, which are emerging as promising for preserving or\/and restoring vision. We discuss the potential of each of these approaches to reach commercialization step and be converted to treatments, which could at least ameliorate blindness caused by retinal cell death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2020.0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T15:04:55Z","timestamp":1602687895000},"page":"147-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Organoid Technologies for Developing Next-Generation Vision Restoration Therapies of Blindness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Ratnesh K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Binette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalene","family":"Seiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon M.","family":"Petersen-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor O.","family":"Nasonkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc., Alameda, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.017913"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2019-0062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00342"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2016.1093110"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","first-page":"920","article-title":"Long-term survival and differentiation of retinal neurons derived from human embryonic stem cell lines in un-immunosuppressed mouse retina","volume":"18","author":"Hambright D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hambright D., , Park K.Y., , Brooks M., , McKay R., , Swaroop A., , and Nasonkin I.O. 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