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Subconjunctival (SCJ) and intravitreal (IVT) administration of the formulation were performed to evaluate subacute and acute toxicity, respectively. Differences between groups in biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated by analysis of variance and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests. Numeric score was assigned to histopathological classification. Electroretinography (ERG) testing was also performed. Data were analyzed by a 1 way no parametric Kruskal\u2013Wallis and the Mann\u2013Whitney tests. Significance was considered when\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant toxicity directly related to the preparation was detected. Micronucleus count, mucous irritation score, and pyrogenicity results were negative. Pathology demonstrated no damage related to the formulation after SCJ injection. After IVT injection, only lens injury associated with technique was observed. Retinal function was also conserved in ERG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The preparation evaluated offers a good toxicity and safety profile when injected in a SCJ or IVT manner in an animal model. A clinical trial conducted in humans is highly warranted, as it could reveal an alternative immunosuppressive treatment for ophthalmological immune-mediated pathologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2020.0108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T23:08:58Z","timestamp":1615417738000},"page":"261-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Toxicity Evaluation of a Novel Rapamycin Liposomal Formulation After Subconjunctival and Intravitreal Injection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Pedro Javier","family":"Salas-Ambrosio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Josefa","family":"Bernad-Bernad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica Anay\u00e1ntzin","family":"Linares-Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Santgar, Benito Juarez, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Santisteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Panamericana, Mixcoac, Mexico City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Angel","family":"Tonix-Aburto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe Jocelyn","family":"Ornelas-Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Gracia-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisol","family":"Rivera-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Bartez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Rico-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Adolfo","family":"Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Santgar, Benito Juarez, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2001.24645"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/nano.2007.2.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200140080-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(00)00617-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2011.553618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4039(94)85017-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2006.130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1869-5760-3-32"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2.11.1903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2008.00986.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492009000100004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gombotz W.R. 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