{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:54:10Z","timestamp":1790553250845,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbial keratitis is devastating corneal morbidity with a variable spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the infective etiology. Irrespective of the varied presentation delayed treatment can lead to severe visual impairment resulting from corneal ulceration, possible perforation, and subsequent scarring. Corticosteroids with a potent anti-inflammatory activity reduce host inflammation, thus minimizing resultant scarring while improving ocular symptoms. These potential effects of corticosteroids have been applied widely to treat various corneal diseases ranging from vernal keratoconjunctivitis to dry eye disease. However, antimicrobial therapy remains the mainstay of treatment in microbial keratitis, whereas the use of adjunctive topical corticosteroid therapy remains a matter of debate. Understandably, the use of topical corticosteroids is a double-edged sword with pros and cons in the treatment of microbial keratitis. Herein we review the rationale for and against the use and safety of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of infective keratitis. Important considerations, including type, dose, efficacy, the timing of initiation of corticosteroids, use of concomitant antimicrobial agents, and duration of corticosteroid therapy while prescribing corticosteroids for microbial keratitis, have been discussed. This review intends to provide new insights into the therapeutic utility of steroids as adjunctive treatment of corneal ulcer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2021.0040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T11:56:51Z","timestamp":1630065411000},"page":"452-463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Corticosteroids in the Management of Infectious Keratitis: A Concise Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4290-5011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhavana","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4181-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1857-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv R.","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepayan","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rituka","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khushboo","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6991-4746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samendra","family":"Karkhur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind K.","family":"Morya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090120087027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.4.388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"Resnikoff S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Resnikoff S., , Pascolini D., , Etya'ale D., et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull. World Health Organ. 82:844\u2013851, 2004.","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.8.622"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"406","article-title":"Use of anti-inflammatory agents in destructive corneal disease","volume":"98","author":"Smolin G.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Smolin G. Use of anti-inflammatory agents in destructive corneal disease. Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. U K. 98:406\u2013409, 1978.","journal-title":"Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. U K"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Mechanism of steroid action in ocular inflammation: inhibition of prostaglandin production","volume":"16","author":"Floman N.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Floman N., , and Zor U. Mechanism of steroid action in ocular inflammation: inhibition of prostaglandin production. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 16:69\u201373, 1977.","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"252","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effectiveness of topically administered corticosteroids in the cornea without epithelium","volume":"14","author":"Kupferman A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kupferman A., , and Leibowtiz H.M. Anti-inflammatory effectiveness of topically administered corticosteroids in the cornea without epithelium. Invest. Ophthalmol. 14:252\u2013255, 1975.","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2008.504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","volume-title":"Copeland and Afshari's Principles and Practice of Cornea","author":"Copeland R.A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Copeland R.A. (Jr), and Afshari, N.A. Copeland and Afshari's Principles and Practice of Cornea, 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers, Inc., 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00008-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200009000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170050118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1999.770203.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070090103049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199209000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2004.00229.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"2665","article-title":"Combined treatment with antioxidants and immunosuppressants on cytokine release by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells - chemically injured keratocyte reaction","volume":"17","author":"Yi K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yi K., , Chung T.Y., , Hyon J.Y., , Koh J.W., , Wee W.R., , and Shin Y.J. Combined treatment with antioxidants and immunosuppressants on cytokine release by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells - chemically injured keratocyte reaction. Mol. Vis. 17:2665\u20132671, 2011.","journal-title":"Mol. Vis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(87)80003-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199909000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(98)00033-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70128-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(52)90558-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"718","article-title":"A rat model of bacterial keratitis","volume":"103","author":"Badenoch P.R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Badenoch P.R., , Hay G.J., , McDonald P.J., , and Coster D.J. A rat model of bacterial keratitis. Effect of antibiotics and corticosteroid. Arch. Ophthalmol. 103:718\u2013722, 1985.","journal-title":"Effect of antibiotics and corticosteroid. Arch. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689309024629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020040139024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"610","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms in corneal ulceration","volume":"83","author":"Kenyon K.R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kenyon K.R. Inflammatory mechanisms in corneal ulceration. Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 83:610\u2013663, 1985.","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)00963-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30228-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","first-page":"112","article-title":"Causes and management of bacterial keratitis in the elderly","volume":"24","author":"Ormerod L.D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ormerod L.D. Causes and management of bacterial keratitis in the elderly. Can. J. Ophthalmol. 24:112\u2013116, 1989.","journal-title":"Can. J. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-13980"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00843-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.35.11.708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000394"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20170045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318201405a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200108000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689508999908"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31815cf67d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33581-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.04.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90171-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199409000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050020122034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","author":"Soya K.","unstructured":"Soya K., , Obata H., , Amano S., , Miyata K., , and Tsuru T. [Effects of topical corticosteroids on subepithelial haze after excimer laser corneal surgery\u2014objective and quantitative method for evaluating haze]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. Japanese.101:152\u2013157, 1997.","journal-title":"Japanese"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","first-page":"654","article-title":"Topical fluorometholone reduces stromal inflammation after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"24","author":"Campos M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Campos M., , Abed H.M., , and McDonnell P.J. Topical fluorometholone reduces stromal inflammation after photorefractive keratectomy. Ophthalmic. Surg. 24:654\u2013657, 1993.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","first-page":"1895","author":"Wilhelmus K.R.","unstructured":"Wilhelmus K.R., , Gee L., , Hauck W.W., et al. Herpetic Eye Disease Study. A controlled trial of topical corticosteroids for herpes simplex stromal keratitis. Ophthalmology. 101:1883\u20131895, 1994; discussion 1895\u20131896.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","first-page":"703","article-title":"Corneal wound healing","volume":"9","author":"McDonald T.O.","year":"1970","unstructured":"McDonald T.O., , Borgmann A.R., , Roberts M.D., , and Fox L.G. Corneal wound healing. I. Inhibition of stromal healing by three dexamethasone derivatives. Invest. Ophthalmol. 9:703\u2013709, 1970.","journal-title":"I. Inhibition of stromal healing by three dexamethasone derivatives. Invest. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1974.01010010256018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.74.9.528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3129\/i10-054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.147298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","author":"Srinivasan M.","unstructured":"Srinivasan M., , Mascarenhas J., , Rajaraman R., et al. Steroids For Corneal Ulcers Trial Group, F.T. Subgroup analysis in the steroids for corneal ulcers trial-reply. Arch. Ophthalmol. 130:807\u2013808 2012.","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199403430-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7840"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","first-page":"331","article-title":"Efficacy of antifungal agents in the cornea","volume":"25","author":"O'Day D.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"O'Day D.M., , Ray W.A., , Robinson R., , and Head W.S. Efficacy of antifungal agents in the cornea. II. Influence of corticosteroids. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 25:331\u2013335, 1984.","journal-title":"II. Influence of corticosteroids. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","author":"Tuli S.S.","unstructured":"Tuli S.S. Topical Corticosteroids in the Management of Bacterial Keratitis. Curr Ophthalmol Rep. 1, 2013. Doi: 10.1007\/s40135-013-0026-0.","journal-title":"Curr Ophthalmol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689509033519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910050082021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","first-page":"1011","article-title":"The effect of combined gentamicin-corticosteroid treatment on gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas keratitis","volume":"12","author":"Stern G.A.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Stern G.A., , Okumoto M., , Friedlaender M., , and Smolin G. The effect of combined gentamicin-corticosteroid treatment on gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas keratitis. Ann. Ophthalmol. 12:1011\u20131014, 1980.","journal-title":"Ann. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1988.4.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-013-0024-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(69)90082-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(64)91386-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","first-page":"473","article-title":"Combined gentamicin-tobramycin-corticosteroid treatment","volume":"98","author":"Smolin G.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Smolin G., , Okumoto M., , and Leong-Sit L. Combined gentamicin-tobramycin-corticosteroid treatment. II. Effect on gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas keratitis. Arch. Ophthalmol. 98:473\u2013474, 1980.","journal-title":"II. Effect on gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas keratitis. Arch. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.047423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","first-page":"327","article-title":"Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial Group","volume":"157","author":"Srinivasan M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Srinivasan M., , Mascarenhas J., , Rajaraman R., et al. Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial Group. The steroids for corneal ulcers trial (SCUT): secondary 12-month clinical outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157:327\u2013333.e3, 2014.","journal-title":"The steroids for corneal ulcers trial (SCUT): secondary 12-month clinical outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-008-9206-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32211-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","author":"Miedziak A.I.","unstructured":"Miedziak A.I., , Miller M.R., , Rapuano C.J., , Laibson P.R., , and Cohen E.J. Risk factors in microbial keratitis leading to penetrating keratoplasty. Ophthalmology. 106:1166\u20131170, 1999; discussion 1171.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74479-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74320-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/13.Supplement_5.S427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31994-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1988.01060130079033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199705000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(71)90434-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32832c3bcc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","author":"Khan Z.U.","unstructured":"Khan Z.U., , Neil L., , Chandy R., et al. Mycopathologia. 137:159\u2013163, 1997.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","first-page":"CD005430","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for bacterial keratitis","volume":"10","author":"Herretes S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Herretes S., , Wang X., , and Reyes J.M. Topical corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for bacterial keratitis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 10:CD005430, 2014.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2012.735332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2015.1025984"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(86)90077-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2006.0067"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jop.2021.0040","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jop.2021.0040","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jop.2021.0040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:44:37Z","timestamp":1777646677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jop.2021.0040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jop.2021.0040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jop.2021.0040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-7683","1557-7732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-7683","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}}}