{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:39:59Z","timestamp":1789663199041,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We tested the role of microRNA-328 in dry eye disease (DED). Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) has been used to induce DED in animal models. We first demonstrated that both BAC and hyperosmotic stress induced overexpression of miR-328 in corneal cells and then tested whether anti-miR-328 could be a new therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BAC was instilled to both eyes of 41 rabbits and 19 mice from day 0 to 21 to induce DED. Animals of each species were divided to receive topical instillation of saline or anti-miR-328 eye drops between day 8 and 21. The DED signs were assessed by corneal fluorescein staining, histological examination, apoptosis of corneal cells, and inflammatory cytokines in rabbit eyes. For mice, only corneal fluorescein staining was assessed for the therapeutic effects. The corneal fluorescein staining scores ranged from 0 of no staining to 4 of coalescent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For the rabbits, the staining score was significantly reduced (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038) after the 14-day anti-miR-328 treatment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200942 eyes), but the score was not improved by saline treatment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940 eyes). Furthermore, rabbit eyes treated with anti-miR-328 had thicker corneal epithelium (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), fewer apoptotic cells in corneal epithelium (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), and stroma (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029) compared with the saline-treated eyes. Anti-miR-328 was more effective than saline to reduce the block of orifices of Meibomian glands, although such an effect was only marginally significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.059). Similarly, anti-miR-328 was more effective than saline in reducing corneal staining in mouse eyes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overexpression of miR-328 may contribute to DED. Anti-miR-328 protects corneal cells and promotes re-epithelialization for DED treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2021.0044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T08:29:30Z","timestamp":1640680170000},"page":"125-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["MicroRNA Therapy for Dry Eye Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Chun-Huei","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Li","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"International Ph. 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Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiun-Long","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Ling","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan."},{"name":"Bright Eyes Clinic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suh-Hang H.","family":"Juo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan."},{"name":"Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan."},{"name":"Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan."},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153755"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Ocul","volume":"5","author":"The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007)","year":"2007","unstructured":"The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). 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