{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:52:54Z","timestamp":1777909974307,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intravitreal injection has become a popular treatment for various retina disorders and dramatically increased over the past few years. In traditional preintravitreal injection, the preparation steps are time consuming for practitioners who perform a significant number of injections per day. Besides, lidocaine gel (L-Gel) shows a potential absorption barrier on the antibacterial effect of povidone iodine (PI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we describe a L\/PI gel system as an alternative approach to address these issues for traditional preinjection drug administration. Lidocaine and PI are loaded in a thermoresponsive gel instilled as a liquid to the lower fornix that transitions to a stable, solid gel depot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The gel demonstrated decrease in conjunctival touch sensitivity and sufficient bacteria killing with a single step, suggesting a significant decrease in the time required and less potential for drug inhibition due to sequential administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2021.0095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T17:19:03Z","timestamp":1646673543000},"page":"319-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel Combined Lidocaine\/Povidone Iodine Delivery System for Preintravitreal Injection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0131-2682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parissa","family":"Ziaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayde L.","family":"Resnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan V.","family":"DiLeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31819d2591"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000486145"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903081752"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12217"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2014.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181884fd2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181633fee"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2006.0146"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018289"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"Wilson E.M. and Scott A.W. How to Give Intravitreal Injections. American Academy of Ophthalmology-EyeNet Magazine 2003. https:\/\/www.aao.org\/eyenet\/article\/how-to-give-intravitreal-injections."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32052-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32239-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20120119-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181ef463d"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"5629","article-title":"Jr., Lane, G., and Ferguson, D","volume":"49","author":"Dahl D.E.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dahl D.E., T.D. Jr., Lane, G., and Ferguson, D. Does lidocaine gel decrease the effectiveness of a povidone-iodine prep? Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 49:5629, 2008.","journal-title":"Does lidocaine gel decrease the effectiveness of a povidone-iodine prep? Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","unstructured":"Boyd K. Eye injections. Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. 2017. https:\/\/www.aao.org\/eye-health\/treatments\/eye-injections (accessed February15 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-017-0076-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","first-page":"47","article-title":"Intravitreal injection technique","volume":"27","author":"Yorston D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yorston D. Intravitreal injection technique. Commun. Eye Health. 27:47, 2014.","journal-title":"Commun. Eye Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","unstructured":"Leng T. Barash M. Tripathy K. et al. Intravitreal injections. Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. 2021. https:\/\/eyewiki.aao.org\/Intravitreal_Injections (accessed February15 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S24358"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09379-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB02976H"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11120671"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00118.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2012.01069.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(86)90477-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.15.4.635-639.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","first-page":"577","article-title":"Povidone-iodine: its efficacy as a preoperative conjunctival and periocular preparation","volume":"16","author":"Caldwell D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Caldwell D., , Kastl P., , Cook J., , and Simon J. Povidone-iodine: its efficacy as a preoperative conjunctival and periocular preparation. Ann. Ophthalmol. 16:577\u2013580, 1984.","journal-title":"Ann. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07191.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000245"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","first-page":"601","article-title":"Safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of lidocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic gel as a topical ocular anesthetic for use in ophthalmic procedures","volume":"3","author":"Page M.A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Page M.A., , and Fraunfelder F.W. Safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of lidocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic gel as a topical ocular anesthetic for use in ophthalmic procedures. Clin. Ophthalmol. Auckl. NZ. 3:601\u2013609, 2009.","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol. Auckl. NZ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200512000-00007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jop.2021.0095","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jop.2021.0095","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jop.2021.0095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:44:48Z","timestamp":1777646688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jop.2021.0095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jop.2021.0095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jop.2021.0095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-7683","1557-7732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-7683","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]}}}