{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T07:58:44Z","timestamp":1792569524487,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Topical, local anesthetic eye drops in conjunction with antibiotics are commonly used to reduce ocular pain and treat patients in emergency clinics; however, their effects on corneal healing are poorly understood. This study examined whether regular or diluted proparacaine eye drops given in combination with common ophthalmic antibiotics affect corneal wound healing parameters using\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Primary human corneal fibroblasts generated from donor corneas and New Zealand white rabbits were used. Regular (0.5%) and diluted (0.05%) proparacaine eye drops, twice daily for 3 days, were applied to cultures and rabbit eyes, with or without ophthalmic antibiotics (polymyxin B sulfate and trimethoprim). Trypan blue, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and scratch wound assays measured cellular viability, proliferation, and migration, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Slit lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, fluorescein eye test, hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining, and 4\u2032,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) immunofluorescence were used for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both regular and diluted proparacaine affected wound healing response in the cornea\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      in a time-dependent manner. Adjunct antibiotic treatments had additive effects characterized by reduced corneal fibroblast viability, proliferation, and migration\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and corneal epithelial recovery\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Regular proparacaine with antibiotics showed most pronounced effects on corneal wound healing parameters, and diluted proparacaine without antibiotics had minimal negative effects\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both methods of regular (0.5%) and diluted (0.05%) proparacaine topical application to the cornea are safe, but impede corneal wound healing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Adjunct antibiotic treatments had additive negative effects on corneal wound repair.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2021.0116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T14:01:56Z","timestamp":1647007316000},"page":"232-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Regular\/Dilute Proparacaine Anesthetic Eye Drops in Combination with Ophthalmic Antibiotics on Corneal Wound Healing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA."},{"name":"Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suneel","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA."},{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA."},{"name":"Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant R.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA."},{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan P.","family":"Hesemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA."},{"name":"Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick W.","family":"Fraunfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1857-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv R.","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry S. 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