{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T02:21:22Z","timestamp":1792894882225,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the pathological role of autophagy in dry eye diseases by detecting the autophagic degradation of RIG-I, a master RNA-sensing receptor in cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RNA-sequencing analysis and qPCR analysis of the expression level of genes related to IFN-I signaling pathway was used to evaluate the inflammatory level of cells overexpressed with RIG-I or empty vector, which was further confirmed by WB analysis. Chemical treatment (3-methyladenine, chloroquine, NH\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      Cl, rapamycin, torin 1 or trehalose) or gene knockdown was used to modulate autophagy. When the autophagy level was regulated, the autophagic degradation of RIG-I and its pathological role in dry eye diseases were determined by detecting the protein level of RIG-I and the level of cell inflammation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cells that overexpressed RIG-I showed increased expression of genes involved in the IFN-I signaling pathway compared with cells transfected with an empty vector. Inhibition of autophagy leaded to the accumulation of RIG-I in HCECs, combined with the aggravation of the RIG-I-mediated IFN-I signaling pathway. Contrarily, promoting the autophagic degradation of RIG-I by trehalose treatment could alleviate IFN-I signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autophagy could protect the ocular surface against IFN-I signaling pathway by degrading RIG-I in HCECs. This process may restrict the overactivation of inflammation in the pathological development of dry eye disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2021.0121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T15:55:01Z","timestamp":1653494101000},"page":"331-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Autophagy Protects Ocular Surface Against Overactivated Inflammation by Degrading Retinoic Acid-Induced Gene-I in Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0165-5511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinzhu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ledan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyang","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1407936"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2019.0060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781683","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/781683","article-title":"Aging: a predisposition to dry eyes","volume":"2014","author":"Sharma A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharma A., , and Hindman H.B. 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