{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:20:07Z","timestamp":1785766807598,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the treatment of severe cases of bacterial keratitis, conventional eye drops containing antibiotics should be applied daily and very frequently. The aim of this study is to develop low-dose high-effect formulations with the prepared nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulations to reduce antibiotic resistance and increase patient compliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NLC formulations were loaded with besifloxacin HCl (BHL) and the besifloxacin HCl: sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-CD) complex. Positive charge was gained with chitosan, and corneal permeation and resolubility were increased with SBE-CD.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      characterization studies, permeability studies, and cytotoxicity and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      transport studies were carried out.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, it was found that SBE-CD increased BHL's solubility by 8-fold based on phase solubility studies. The optimized NLCs were small in size (13.63\u201316.09\u2009nm) with a low polydispersity index (0.107\u20130.181) and adequate BHL drug loading efficiency.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      release studies showed that formulations were released approximately for 8\u2009h and at levels over the minimum inhibitory concentration of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . NLC formulations had a better corneal permeation rate than the marketed product during 6\u2009h of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      According to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      data, it was determined that the most favorable NLC formulation was the formulation containing BHL\/SBE-CD that was covered with chitosan. It has the highest drug loading capacity and one of the highest\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      corneal passage levels, along with desired drug release. The formulation containing BHL\/SBE-CD and chitosan can be a potential alternative for the treatment of bacterial keratitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2022.0008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T17:02:02Z","timestamp":1654707722000},"page":"412-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Design of Besifloxacin HCl-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers:\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Ex Vivo<\/i>\n                    Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Heybet Kerem","family":"Polat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey."},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m University, Erzincan, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2203-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nihat","family":"Kurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey."},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University, Tokat, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eren","family":"Aytekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yagmur","family":"Akda\u011f \u00c7ayl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Bozda\u011f Pehlivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"\u00c7al\u0131\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0809-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2020.102342"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S190502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.161430"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2008.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2004.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2018.1429885"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2013.775248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1061186X.2012.716845"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.57282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1295\/polymj.33.640"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01030.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for estimation of besifloxacin hydrochloride in bulk and its opthalamic formulation","volume":"3","author":"Rajput S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rajput S., , Pandya C., , and Chaudhari P. 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