{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:40:19Z","timestamp":1791463219645,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effectiveness of the topical use of cyclosporin A (CsA) 0.1%, diquafosol (DQS) tetrasodium 3% ophthalmic solution, and their combination in treating dry eye disease in a general health care setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective, nonrandomized, observational study analyzed 279 patients. Patients instilled topical CsA 0.1% (Ikervis\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan) once daily and\/or DQS tetrasodium 3% (Diquas-S\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; Santen) six times a day for 12 weeks. Objective signs [tear break-up time (TBUT), National Eye Institute (NEI) corneal and conjunctival staining scores] and symptoms [Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE) and Dry Eye-related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS) questionnaires] were evaluated at baseline, week 4, and week 12.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009279) were mainly female (85.0%) with a mean (SD) age of 50.1 (14.8) years, and received CsA (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200993), DQS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200999), or CsA\/DQS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200987). Both monotherapies and CsA\/DQS combination therapy significantly improved TBUT, NEI corneal and conjunctival staining scores, and SANDE and DEQS scores from baseline to week 12 (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The mean change in TBUT between baseline and week 12 was significantly higher in CsA\/DQS combination therapy (2.13\u2009\u00b1\u20092.41\u2009s) than in CsA monotherapy (1.07\u2009\u00b1\u20091.71\u2009s;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0011).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Monotherapy with CsA or DQS and CsA\/DQS combination therapy all significantly improved the objective signs and symptoms of dry eyes during 12 weeks of treatment. CsA\/DQS combination therapy provides an additional benefit in terms of TBUT compared with CsA alone; however, a randomized controlled trial still needs to be performed to confirm this result.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2022.0031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T16:52:27Z","timestamp":1670345547000},"page":"682-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effectiveness of Topical Cyclosporin A 0.1%, Diquafosol Tetrasodium 3%, and Their Combination, in Dry Eye Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9475-4409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngsub","family":"Eom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea."},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7187-8094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Suk","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea."},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1132-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo Myung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea."},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2014.28.3.197"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-013-0009-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2015.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2020-000697"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1341988"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S207743"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000779"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5001002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0289-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0409-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-012-0033-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.166"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-301448"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306084"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88589-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12443"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0910-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2021.10.07"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000541"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of meibomian glands and tear film layer in systemic isotretinoin treatment","author":"Tanriverdi C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanriverdi C, , Nurozler Tabakci B, , Donmez S. 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