{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:43:24Z","timestamp":1785548604055,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Natamycin (NT) is used as a first-line antifungal prescription in the treatment of fungal keratitis (FK) and is commercially available as a 5% w\/v ophthalmic suspension. NT shows poor water solubility and light sensitivity. Thus, the present investigation is aimed to enhance the fraction of NT in solution in the commercial formulation by adding cyclodextrins (CDs), thereby improving the delivery of the drug into deeper ocular tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The solubility of NT in different CDs, the impact of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, stability at 4\u00b0C and 25\u00b0C,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      release, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      transcorneal permeation studies were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NT exhibited the highest solubility (66-fold) in randomly methylated-\u03b2-cyclodextrin (RM-\u03b2CD) with hydroxypropyl-\u03b2CD (HP-\u03b2CD) showing the next highest solubility (54-fold) increase in comparison to market formulation Natacyn\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      as control. The stability of NT-CD solutions was monitored for 2 months (last-time point) at both storage conditions. The degradation profile of NT in NT-RM-\u03b2CD and NT-HP-\u03b2CD solutions under UV-light exposure followed first-order kinetics exhibiting half-lives of 1.2\u2009h and 1.4\u2009h, respectively, an almost 3-fold increase over the control solutions.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      release\/diffusion studies revealed that suspensions containing RM-\u03b2CD and HP-\u03b2CD increased transmembrane flux significantly (3.1-fold) compared to the control group. The transcorneal permeability of NT from NT-RM-\u03b2CD suspension exhibited an 8.5-fold (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) improvement compared to Natacyn eyedrops. Furthermore, the addition of RM-\u03b2CD to NT suspension increases the solubilized fraction of NT and enhances transcorneal permeability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therefore, NT-RM-\u03b2CD formulations could potentially lead to a decreased frequency of administration and significantly improved therapeutic outcomes in FK treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2023.0092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T12:32:20Z","timestamp":1703075540000},"page":"67-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Improved Topical Ophthalmic Natamycin Suspension for the Treatment of Fungal Keratitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Chuntian","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Adel Ali","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poorva H.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6738-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne","family":"Varner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narendar","family":"Dudhipala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumyajit","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA."},{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71425-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30486-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200408000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328017f878"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30448-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.11.1211"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76903-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1994.tb00775.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015910"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.03.048"},{"issue":"45","key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Estimated burden of keratitis\u2014United States, 2010","volume":"63","author":"Collier SA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Collier SA, , Gronostaj MP, , MacGurn AK, et al. 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