{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T06:43:44Z","timestamp":1778913824153,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy and safety of a novel ophthalmic anesthetic, chloroprocaine 3% gel to tetracaine 0.5% eye drops in patients undergoing cataract surgery with phacoemulsification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, active-controlled, masked-observer, parallel group competitive equivalence study. The study comprised 338 patients having routine cataract extraction by clear corneal phacoemulsification, randomized to receive 3 drops of chloroprocaine gel (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009166) or tetracaine eye drops (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009172) before surgery. The primary objective of the study was to assess the equivalence of chloroprocaine gel to tetracaine eye drops as proportion of patients with successful ocular surface anesthesia, without any supplementation just before intraocular lens implantation. Safety measurements were pain, irritation, burning, stinging, photophobia, and foreign body sensation, graded by the patient and objective ocular signs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Equivalence was demonstrated, with a somewhat higher success rate of chloroprocaine gel: 152\/166 (92.0%) chloroprocaine versus 153\/172 (90.5%) tetracaine patients achieved ocular surface anesthesia with no supplementation. Difference in proportions was 1.5% confidence interval [95% CI: (\u22123.6 to 6.6)] and 90% CI fell within (\u221210 to 10). Mean onset of anesthesia was 1.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.87\u2009min for chloroprocaine and 1.57\u2009\u00b1\u20091.85 for tetracaine (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.083). Mean duration of anesthesia was 21.57\u2009\u00b1\u200912.26\u2009min for chloroprocaine and 22.04\u2009\u00b1\u200912.58 for tetracaine (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.574). No treatment emergent adverse events related to chloroprocaine were reported and no relevant findings related to local tolerance or vital signs were observed in both arms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results obtained from the present cataract study demonstrated that chloroprocaine 3% ophthalmic gel is safe and effective, representing a valid alternative in ocular topical anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04685538.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2023.0096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T12:08:02Z","timestamp":1710504482000},"page":"117-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chloroprocaine 3% Gel as a Novel Ocular Topical Anesthetic: Results from a Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Figus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Giansanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinica, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Multimedica Milano, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Ali\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Opthalmology Department, Vissum Miranza Alicante, Alicante, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ladislav","family":"Jan\u010do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"O\u010dn\u00e1 klinika SZU N\u00e1m., Hospital, Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica, Slovakia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8104-6722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Mercuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Department, Sintetica SA, Mendrisio, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Camnasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Department, Sintetica SA, Mendrisio, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3812-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Cagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAS.S14721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"007","article-title":"Efficacy and performance of various local anaesthesia modalities for cataract surgery","volume":"1","author":"Malik A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malik A. 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