{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:14:43Z","timestamp":1781612083880,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to determine the onset and duration of action of 3 commercially available topical anesthetic solutions in Brazil, using the Cochet\u2013Bonnet esthesiometer (Luneau\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , Paris, France) and to quantitatively assess patient-reported discomfort during application.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, randomized, masked, and double-blind study was conducted, involving 40 eyes from 21 patients. Patients were administered each one of the topical anesthetics weekly, and corneal sensitivity was measured using the Cochet\u2013Bonnet esthesiometer's corneal touch threshold (CTT). Patients rated the burning sensation using a visual analogue scale (VAS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 21 patients (42.9% male), with a mean age of 31.95 years (\u00b1standard deviation\u2009=\u200910.17, range\u2009=\u200922.0\u201358.0), corneal sensitivity significantly decreased 30\u2009s after application, returning to baseline after 30\u2009min for all groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Significant differences in CTT were observed at 5\u2009min, with proparacaine exhibiting a superior anesthetic effect (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0003), at 10\u2009min, where tetracaine displayed the most substantial anesthetic effect (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0135), and at 20\u2009min, where tetracaine demonstrated the highest anesthetic efficacy (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). VAS scores indicated the most intense burning sensation with tetracaine (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Men reported experiencing more discomfort during instillation compared with women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0168).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proparacaine exhibited the fastest onset of action among the 3 topical anesthetics and provided a more comfortable eye sensation during instillation. However, tetracaine demonstrated the longest duration of action despite causing more discomfort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2023.0148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T10:34:15Z","timestamp":1712745255000},"page":"215-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of Proparacaine, Tetracaine, and Oxybuprocaine in Corneal Sensitivity Measurement"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3163-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Basso","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas da Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta dos Anjos","family":"Rodrigues Parchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas da Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Wasilewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas da Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"2242","volume":"42","author":"Marfurt CF","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marfurt CF, , Murphy CJ, , Florczak JL. Morphology and neurochemistry of canine corneal innervation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2001; 42:2242\u20132251.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"601","volume":"3","author":"Page MA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Page MA, , Fraunfelder FW. Safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of lidocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic gel as a topical ocular anesthetic for use in ophthalmic procedures. Clin Ophthalmol, 2009; 3:601\u2013609.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"151","article-title":"Ophthalmic medications and pharmacology","volume":"17","author":"Duvall B","year":"1998","unstructured":"Duvall B, , Kershner RM. Ophthalmic medications and pharmacology. J Ophthalmic Nurs Technol, 1998; 17(4):151\u2013158.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Nurs Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.169049"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006(2006)53[98:EOLAP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-003-0463-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.1422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000187623"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Cataract surgery on post radial keratotomy patients","volume":"10","author":"Meduri A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meduri A, , Urso M, , Signorino GA, et al. Cataract surgery on post radial keratotomy patients. Int J Ophthalmol, 2017; 10(7):1168\u20131170.","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1994.tb02646.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76735-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.10.1780"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.12.1655"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352011000600009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8661098"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"579","article-title":"Effect of adding phenylephrine on spinal anesthesia with tetracaine in elderly patients [in Japanese]","volume":"61","author":"Kobayashi Y.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y. Effect of adding phenylephrine on spinal anesthesia with tetracaine in elderly patients [in Japanese]. Masui, 2012; 61(6):579\u2013582.","journal-title":"Masui"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.192"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.11.1285"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2003.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000060778"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","first-page":"329","article-title":"Degree of corneal anesthesia after topical application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine ophthalmic solution in normal equids","volume":"80","author":"Little E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Little E, , Yvorchuk-St Jean K, , Little W, et al. Degree of corneal anesthesia after topical application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine ophthalmic solution in normal equids. Can J Vet Res, 2016; 80(4):329\u2013334.","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.6.6.637"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2005.14.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198901000-00010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jop.2023.0148","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jop.2023.0148","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jop.2023.0148","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:46:03Z","timestamp":1777646763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jop.2023.0148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jop.2023.0148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jop.2023.0148","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-7683","1557-7732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-7683","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}}}