{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T11:56:04Z","timestamp":1777982164227,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a commonly used preservative to maintain sterility for multiuse eye drops such as latanoprost. One option to minimize the deleterious effects of BAK in eye drops may be to reduce the volume administered. The aim of this study was to assess the response of cells from the ocular surface to latanoprost+BAK administered by the Optejet technology, which dispenses a microdose (\u223c8 \u00b5L) ophthalmical spray.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells were exposed to the following treatments: (1) no treatment, (2) drop form of latanoprost without BAK (\u223c35 \u00b5L), (3) drop form of latanoprost with 0.01% BAK (\u223c35 \u00b5L), (4) ophthalmical spray form of latanoprost with 0.01% BAK delivered by the Optejet technology (\u223c8 \u00b5L). After 5 h, cells were assessed for changes in cytotoxicity, morphology, and inflammatory marker expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Latanoprost+BAK delivered by a drop induced cytotoxicity, cytoplasmic shrinkage, and loss of cell-cell contact, and expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and interleukin-6. In contrast, latanoprost+BAK delivered by the Optejet technology was both well tolerated and similar to no treatment controls and BAK-free latanoprost treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A microdose of latanoprost+BAK ophthalmical spray administered with the Optejet technology prevented the cytotoxicity associated with larger volumes found in eye drops. Precision dosing by the Optejet technology has the potential to decrease ocular surface disorder typically associated with eye drops containing preservatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2024.0085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:39:51Z","timestamp":1727915991000},"page":"668-674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Optejet Technology Minimizes Preservative-Mediated Cytotoxicity of Conjunctival Epithelial Cells Treated with Latanoprost\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Sultan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deshea L.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eyenovia, Inc., New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Whitcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eyenovia, Inc., New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedram","family":"Hamrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Cornea Service, New England Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.749858"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01668-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"Medication for glaucoma. NY Langone Health. Available from: https:\/\/nyulangone.org\/conditions\/glaucoma\/treatments\/medication-for-glaucoma [Last accessed: August 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2023.101195"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00557-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8775"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","unstructured":"Eyenovia. Eyenovia Technology. Available from: https:\/\/eyenoviacom\/technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"264","article-title":"Determination of tear volume and tear flow","volume":"5","author":"Mishima S","year":"1966","unstructured":"Mishima S, , Gasset A, , Klyce SDJr, et al. Determination of tear volume and tear flow. Invest Ophthalmol, 1966; 5(3):264\u2013276.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","unstructured":"American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2020\u20132021. BCSC Basic and Clinical Science Course\u2122; Part V: Ocular Pharmacology Chapter 15. Pharmacologic Principles. Available from: https:\/\/wwwaaoorg\/education\/bcscsnippetdetailaspx?id=76ccc594-deb1-4677-bfad-a3c966d56a1a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2016-0061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2017-0095"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2021-0011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2022-0061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S185027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0227"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","first-page":"851","article-title":"Hyperosmolarity potentiates toxic effects of benzalkonium chloride on conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Clouzeau C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clouzeau C, , Godefroy D, , Riancho L, et al. Hyperosmolarity potentiates toxic effects of benzalkonium chloride on conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro. Mol Vis, 2012; 18:851\u2013863.","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2020.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2023.1067942"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000544"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001659"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.96"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31820bd2e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.79.4.376"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","first-page":"e140","article-title":"How latanoprost changed glaucoma management","volume":"102","author":"Cordeiro MF","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cordeiro MF, , Gandolfi S, , Gugleta K, et al. How latanoprost changed glaucoma management. Acta Ophthalmol, 2023; 102(2):e140\u2013e155.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2019.0165"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2022.0155"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071959"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jop.2024.0085","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jop.2024.0085","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jop.2024.0085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:46:33Z","timestamp":1777646793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jop.2024.0085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jop.2024.0085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jop.2024.0085","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-7683","1557-7732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-7683","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7732","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}}