{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:06:06Z","timestamp":1779887166958,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of AZD6738, an ataxia-telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) kinase inhibitor, in preventing corneal neovascularization (CNV) by exploring its effects on autophagy regulation and angiogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured and treated with varying concentrations of AZD6738 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to assess cell viability, migration, and tube formation. A corneal alkali burn model in Sprague-Dawley rats was established to evaluate the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      effects of AZD6738 on CNV. Autophagy was assessed using monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, western blotting, and qRT-PCR to measure the expression of autophagy-related markers and key proteins involved in the PI3K-AKT pathway. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were employed to examine histological changes and the expression of markers related to neovascularization and fibrosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study demonstrated that AZD6738 significantly inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. AZD6738 effectively reduced VEGF-induced cell migration and tube formation. Moreover, the introduction of AZD6738 enhanced autophagy, as indicated by increased MDC staining, upregulated Beclin1 expression, and an elevated LC3 II\/I ratio. The inhibitor also suppressed the PI3K-AKT pathway, reducing VEGF and VEGFR2 expression, and decreasing the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and AKT. In an experimental CNV model, AZD6738 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in CNV, with fewer and shorter blood vessels observed, as well as changes in autophagy-related proteins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AZD6738 showed potential in preventing CNV. Its ability to enhance autophagy and inhibit PI3K-AKT-VEGF pathways in angiogenesis suggests that AZD6738 could be an effective treatment strategy for CNV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2024.0162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T10:32:57Z","timestamp":1751020377000},"page":"444-454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Efficacy of AZD6738 in Corneal Neovascularization: Autophagy Enhancement and Angiogenesis Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuna","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yingtan People\u2019s Hospital, Yingtan City, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiwen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heyou Hospital, Foshan City, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108457"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22336\/rjo.2019.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112274"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 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