{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:24:06Z","timestamp":1777915446625,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Palliative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain and symptom management at the end of life (EoL) can pose unique challenges, particularly when symptoms are refractory to conventional methods. Dexmedetomidine, originally approved for sedation in ventilated patients, has been demonstrated to be beneficial in pain management and palliative care settings by functioning as an alpha-2 agonist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of inpatient palliative care unit (IPU) records from January 2020 to December 2023 was conducted. Twenty-five adult patients receiving continuous dexmedetomidine for refractory pain at the EoL were identified. These patients were further evaluated for concurrent opioid, benzodiazepine, and chlorpromazine usage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients experienced predominantly cancer-related pain, and had a median infusion duration of 5 days. Dexmedetomidine\u2019s initial dosing differed between the intensive care unit (ICU) and IPU settings. There was a trend toward a decreased opioid requirement 24 hours after initiation. Patients transferred from the ICU showed a progressive increase in opioid use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study contributes to understanding dexmedetomidine\u2019s role in managing refractory symptoms at the EoL in the palliative care setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2024.0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T11:03:24Z","timestamp":1719313404000},"page":"1303-1309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Descriptive Analysis of Dexmedetomidine\u2019s Utility in a Palliative Care Unit at the End of Life"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UC San Diego &amp; Scripps Health Joint Fellowship in Hospice &amp; Palliative Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Palliative Care, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, &amp; Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"Palliative Care Program, UC San Diego Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Mesarwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Palliative Care, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, &amp; Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"Palliative Care Program, UC San Diego Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle P.","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Palliative Care, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, &amp; Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"Palliative Care Program, UC San Diego Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Hirst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Palliative Care, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, &amp; Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"Palliative Care Program, UC San Diego Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0505-8693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabia S.","family":"Atayee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Palliative Care, Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, &amp; Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"Palliative Care Program, UC San Diego Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, California, USA."},{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy &amp; Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc712"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-27.7.587"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","volume-title":"PRECEDEX\u00ae (dexmedetomidine) [package insert]","year":"1999","unstructured":"PRECEDEX\u00ae (dexmedetomidine) [package insert]. 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The conscious state of the dying patient: An integrative review. Palliat Support Care, 2022; 20(5):731\u2013743; doi: 10.1017\/S1478951521001541","journal-title":"Palliat Support Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-018-2581-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-021-00517-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0000000000000931"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-018-0281-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2021.0128"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","volume-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care.","author":"Care NCPfQP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Care NCPfQP. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care. 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