{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:24:14Z","timestamp":1777915454176,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Palliative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rectal prolapse is a circumferential, full-thickness protrusion of the rectum through the anus, which, if not properly managed, may become incarcerated and pose a risk of strangulation. This pathology is rarely a medical emergency unless a complication is encountered. Such complications include infection, necrosis, perforation, incarceration, and uncontrolled pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a case of an elderly patient with pain associated with chronic rectal prolapse. Surgical intervention had been ruled out, and there had been no pain relief after using systemic analgesics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Management:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on increasing reports of analgesic properties, topical methylene blue (MB) 0.1% was applied externally at the prolapsed organ, obtaining pain relief.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Outcome:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient experienced immediate and long-lasting pain relief; MB applications were continued every 12 hours as needed. After this therapy, the patient was no longer in need of systemic analgesics. No side effects were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Topical MB may be an effective analgesic for the management of pain associated with chronic rectal prolapse. This treatment might be extrapolated to other clinical scenarios of tegumentary pain. Similar use has been shown to be safe and effective in other pathologies, including pain in oral mucositis associated with cancer therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2024.0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T05:24:57Z","timestamp":1721021097000},"page":"1425-1428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Methylene Blue, a Unique Topical Analgesic: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Lara","family":"Miralles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Sant Joan d\u2019Alacant, Alicante, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Sant Joan d\u2019Alacant, Alicante, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"D\u00edaz-Alejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Sant Joan d\u2019Alacant, Alicante, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Roldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Texas Center, Houston, Texas, USA."},{"name":"McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11884-012-0136-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053694"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"38","article-title":"Lumbar sympathectomy in the management of rectal tenesmoid pain","volume":"70","author":"Bristow A","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bristow A, , Foster JM. Lumbar sympathectomy in the management of rectal tenesmoid pain. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 1988; 70(1):38\u201339.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02579-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-006-0198-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2427-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"CD001758","article-title":"Surgery for complete rectal prolapse in adults","volume":"4","author":"Tou S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tou S, , Brown SR, , Malik AI, et al. Surgery for complete rectal prolapse in adults. 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