{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:57:10Z","timestamp":1791464230620,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,27]],"date-time":"2008-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe gender-based differences in disease progression, treatment, and outcome among patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in South India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therapy-na\u00efve patients initiating HAART between February 1996 and June 2006 at a tertiary HIV referral center in Chennai, South India, were analyzed using the YRG CARE HIV Observational Database. Patients with 1 year of follow-up after initiating HAART were examined to investigate immunological and clinical outcomes, including the development of adverse events to therapy and opportunistic infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All previously therapy-na\u00efve patients who initiated HAART with at least 1 year of follow-up (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091972) were analyzed. At enrollment into care, women had higher CD4 counts, lower hemoglobin, and higher body mass index (BMI) than their male counterparts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). At the time of initiating therapy, women had higher CD4 counts and lower hemoglobin (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05); women continued to have higher CD4 counts at 12 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). After 1 year following HAART initiation, significantly more men developed tuberculosis and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), more women experienced lactic acidosis and nausea, and more men developed immune reconstitution syndrome (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant physiological, immunological, and clinical differences exist between men and women initiating HAART in a resource-limited setting in South India. Future studies should examine whether clinical management strategies should be different for men and women in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,27]],"date-time":"2008-10-27T10:38:45Z","timestamp":1225103925000},"page":"1471-1475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Gender-Based Differences in Treatment and Outcome among HIV Patients in South India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Kumarasamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"YRGCARE, VHS, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.K.","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.J.","family":"Cecelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YRGCARE, VHS, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Devaleenol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YRGCARE, VHS, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Saghayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YRGCARE, VHS, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Yepthomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YRGCARE, VHS, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YRGCARE, VHS, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Flanigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Medical School"},{"name":"Miriam Hospital\/Brown Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YRGCARE, VHS, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.H.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Medical School"},{"name":"Miriam Hospital\/Brown Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. UNAIDS\/WHO AIDS epidemic update. www.unaids.org\/epidemic-update\/. 2007 August 9."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200008150-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103083441003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200304010-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/497267"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462001915796"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462054094123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"WHO. Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: Treatment guidelines for a public health approach\u20142003 revision. www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/prev_care\/en\/arvrevision2003en.pdf. 2007 August 2."},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treating opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Recommendations from CDC","volume":"53","author":"Benson C","year":"2005","unstructured":"Benson C, , Kaplan JE, , Masur H, , Pau A, , Holmes KK. Treating opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Recommendations from CDC. the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association\/Infectious Diseases Society of America: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Centers for Disease Control, National Institutes of Health, University of Washington. 2005. MMWR Recommendations and Reports, 2004; 53,RR-15:1\u2013112.","journal-title":"MMWR Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200412150-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550230066039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462054679250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-006-9070-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"WHO. 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