{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:22:29Z","timestamp":1780471349250,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regular physical activity usually confers health benefits, but high-level sport may induce harmful outcomes, such as pelvic floor dysfunction. Urinary incontinence (UI) was previously documented, but few data are available about anal incontinence (AI) in female athletes. Our aim was to determine the role of high-level sport practice on AI in a young, healthy female population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, we included women aged 18\u201340 years. Self-administered questionnaires were delivered to each female volunteer. Two groups were defined: (1) intensive sport (IS) group: high-level sport (&gt;8 hours weekly), and (2) nonintensive sport (NIS) group: all other subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 393 women enrolled, 169 were in the IS group and 224 were in the NIS group. Women of the IS group were significantly younger than the others (21.74\u00b14.28 vs. 24.87\u00b15.61 years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) and had less births (0.07\u00b10.31 vs. 0.20\u00b10.62,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.005). The prevalence of AI was statistically higher in the IS group than in the NIS group (14.8% vs. 4.9%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001), as was UI (33.1% vs. 18.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that IS practice (odds ratio [OR] 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-6.87,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.010) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.28,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.033) were significantly linked to AI when taking into account major confounding factors (age and births). In the IS group, AI was mainly represented by loss of flatus in 84%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-level sport appears to be a significant independent risk factor for AI in healthy young women. These results suggest that preventive measures, such as pelvic floor muscle training, may be proposed for this young population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]],"date-time":"2011-04-18T16:26:52Z","timestamp":1303144012000},"page":"757-763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Impact of High-Level Sport Practice on Anal Incontinence in a Healthy Young Female Population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Vitton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Baumstarck-Barrau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Self-Perceived Health Assessment Research Unit, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Brardjanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Caballe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Bouvier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Grimaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200007000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400170074026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350040017014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199101000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199107183250302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"The relation of physical activity and exercise to mental health","volume":"100","author":"Taylor CB","year":"1985","unstructured":"Taylor CB, , Sallis JF, , Needle R. The relation of physical activity and exercise to mental health. Public Health Rep, 1985; 100:195\u2013202.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.8.3.305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"1209","article-title":"Prevalence of regular physical activity among adults\u2014United States, 2001 and 2005","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2007","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of regular physical activity among adults\u2014United States, 2001 and 2005. MMWR, 2007; 56:1209\u20131212.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"489","article-title":"Health-related concerns of the female athlete: A life span approach","volume":"79","author":"Joy EA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Joy EA, , Van Hala S, , Cooper L. Health-related concerns of the female athlete: A life span approach. Am Fam Physician, 2009; 79:489\u2013495.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.4027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200111000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434070-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920200003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in elite nulliparous athletes","volume":"84","author":"Nygaard IE","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nygaard IE, , Thompson FL, , Svengalis SL, , Albright JP. Urinary incontinence in elite nulliparous athletes. Obstet Gynecol, 1994; 84:183\u2013187.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/1745509X.1.1.517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5676"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0593-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312233292601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530070057030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)80136-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1993.tb00379.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199812000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11669.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.1999.00044.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Reliability and validity of survey data on sexual behaviour","volume":"4","author":"Dare OO","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dare OO, , Cleland JG. Reliability and validity of survey data on sexual behaviour. Health Transit Rev, 1994; 4,(Suppl):93\u2013110.","journal-title":"Health Transit Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000187299.75024.c4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2002.120207.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jwh.2010.2454","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2010.2454","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2010.2454","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:35:24Z","timestamp":1777656924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/jwh.2010.2454"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jwh.2010.2454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2010.2454","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-9996","1931-843X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-9996","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-843X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}}}