{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:18:19Z","timestamp":1783523899445,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic pain may be perceived differently according to gender and race, which may affect physical health and psychological wellbeing. We evaluated daily pain ratings in black women as compared to white women with provoked vestibulodynia (PVD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-one women (44 black, 27 white) rated pain severity with tampon insertion and sexual intercourse and recorded daily vulvar pain level on a visual analogue scale (0\u2009=\u2009no pain to 10\u2009=\u2009worst pain imaginable). In addition, they completed the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Interference Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the effect of race on pain intensity after adjusting for functional impairment, affective distress and demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pain ratings from tampon insertion (6.37\u2009\u00b1\u20091.89 vs. 5.61\u2009\u00b1\u20091.98,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.12) and sexual intercourse (6.28\u2009\u00b1\u20092.11 vs. 5.29\u2009\u00b1\u20092.50,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.24) were similar, but daily vulvar pain (4.57\u2009\u00b1\u20092.27 vs 2.74\u2009\u00b1\u20092.43,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009&lt;.01) was significantly higher in black women. BPI-interference scores were associated with small, but significant increases in tampon insertion pain (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009&lt;.01, beta\u2009=\u2009.06 units) and daily pain (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01, beta\u2009=\u2009.10 units) and to a lesser degree with sexual intercourse pain when corrected for multiple comparisons (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.05, beta\u2009=\u2009.06 units). Race had no effect on pain after adjusting for other variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While race was associated with functional impairment, after accounting for this, race was not associated with level of vulvar pain with PVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T14:28:09Z","timestamp":1447856889000},"page":"57-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pain Rating in Women with Provoked Vestibulodynia: Evaluating Influence of Race"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Candace","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria A.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00214-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2003.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-5900(02)65013-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1790110203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2012.4031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"1369","article-title":"Racial differences in the physical and psychosocial health among black and white women with chronic pain","volume":"10","author":"Ndao-Brumblay SK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ndao-Brumblay SK, , Green CR: Racial differences in the physical and psychosocial health among black and white women with chronic pain. 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